Emergency treatment measures for methanol plant accidents

1. How to deal with oil on the oil station?

1. Stop loading immediately.

2. Stand on the upwind and wear protective equipment.

3. Flush the tank truck and the ground and the trench in time with water.

4. When the hidden danger reaches the safe value, the sump can be started when the flammable gas alarm is used to detect the scene (no odor in the air) to reach a safe value.

2. How to deal with leakage of pipelines, equipment and valves in the hydrogen system?

1. Inform the factory production scheduling and Yueyang Xingchang dispatching and production department to come to the workshop and develop the repair plan.

2. If external construction (Jianan) personnel are required to cooperate with the repair, firstly explain the toxicity and safety precautions of the accident to the construction personnel.

3. Wear safety protective equipment during construction. If the construction workers feel uncomfortable, such as dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, etc., stop the operation in time.

4. You can work again after waiting for treatment.

3. How to deal with methanol poisoning?

Methanol is a colorless, flammable, volatile liquid with a slight alcoholic odor, molecular weight 32.042, boiling point 65 ° C, melting point -971 ° C, specific gravity 0.792. The steam has a specific gravity of 1.1 and is easily miscible with water and most organic solvents.

1. Toxicity: Methanol can be absorbed through the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract and skin. Because methanol vapor has high solubility in water and solution, it can be quickly distributed in the human body after absorption. It is slowly oxidized in the body and excreted slowly. There is a clear accumulation.

Methanol mainly acts on the nervous system, and has obvious paralysis effect. It has a special selection effect on the optic nerve and retina. It is mainly due to the action of alcohol dehydrogenase, which converts methanol into formaldehyde in the retina, which can inhibit the oxidative phosphorylation process of the retina and make the membrane It is impossible to synthesize triphosphate or cells to undergo degenerative changes. Finally, optic atrophy can occur, and blindness can be caused in severe cases. In addition, the accumulation of methanol in the body (formaldehyde, formic acid) and methanol inhibit certain oxidative acid systems in the body, inhibiting the aerobic decomposition of sugar, body metabolism Obstruction, accumulation of lactic acid and other organic acids can lead to acidosis.

2. Poisoning performance:

a. Acute inhalation poisoning: often 8 to 36 hours of incubation period headache, dizziness, muscle weakness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, back pain, irritability, wet limbs, eye pain, blurred vision, occasional diarrhea, visual impairment, Can rapidly develop to blindness, at this time the pupil dilated or reduced, slow response to light, then the nerve nipple atrophy, severe bradycardia, acidosis, pumping, shock and other symptoms.

b. Chronic effects: Workers who are exposed to low concentrations of methanol for a long time may be characterized by neurasthenia and autonomic dysfunction, as well as mucosal irritation and vision loss.

c. Poisoning First Aid: Based on general first aid measures and symptomatic treatment, for acute inhalers, according to the plasma carbon dioxide binding force, a sufficient dose of sodium bicarbonate or sodium lactate should be given early to correct acidosis, which has a positive effect and pay attention to maintaining the electrolysis balance. When visual disability or fundus lesions, try intravenous alcohol infusion and dexamethasone intravenous injection to reduce intracranial pressure, improve fundus blood circulation, and accelerate methanol drainage.

3. Preventive measures

Workers exposed to methanol should be equipped with a filtered type 3 gas mask and oxygen breathing apparatus in the operating position. Direct contact with methanol, should also add rubber gloves, boots, protective glasses and other personal labor protection products, maintenance should use long tube or air-type gas mask and do on-site monitoring work; all optic nerve disorders, nervous system other organic Diseases and significant endocrine diseases are contraindications to methanol work.

4. How to deal with carbon monoxide poisoning?

Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, non-irritating gas with a specific gravity of 0.967 and a molecular weight of 28.01. It is almost insoluble in water (only 0.0044 g is dissolved in 100 g of water at 0 ° C).

1. Mild poisoning: headache, dizziness, tinnitus, vaginal pressure, neck pressure and pulsation, and easy to have nausea, vomiting, pain in the anterior region or palpitations, and even short-term fainting.

2. Moderate poisoning: In addition to the above symptoms, there are sweating, irritability, gait instability, skin and mucous membrane sorrow in the early stage, which may cause confusion and even enter a coma.

3. Severe poisoning: rapid entry into coma, coma can last for hours or longer, there may be paroxysmal or tonic symptoms, pathological reflexes, often accompanied by cerebral edema, pulmonary edema, myocardial damage, myocardial disturbance or conduction resistance Stagnant, high fever or convulsions, skin mucosa or cherry red or pale, purple.

4. Chronic effects: mainly manifested as panic, headache, dizziness, memory loss, insomnia, unstable blood pressure, neurasthenia symptoms such as poor ability to estimate fine work and time distance, and sometimes myocardial damage.

5. Poisoning First Aid: Quickly remove the poisoned person from the accident site, move to fresh air, keep warm, untie the neckline, and keep the airway open. Generally, people with mild poisoning can get better after inhaling fresh air and then giving oxygen through the nasal tube. For comatose, immediately give oxygen to reduce hypoxia and promote the discharge of carbon monoxide. If there is an oxygen sputum for rescue, you can use the "automatic lung" to force spontaneous exhalation and inhalation for severe poisoning and respiratory arrest. After the patient's automatic breathing is restored, the "closed mask" can be used to give oxygen. Note that the oxygen content adjustment ring should be adjusted at 80%-90%. The principle of giving oxygen inhalation is "use it early, supply enough gas, time is enough".

6. Protective measures: The production workers exposed to CO should be equipped with a filtering type 5 gas mask and oxygen breathing apparatus in the operation post. The long-tube gas mask or air supply mask should be selected according to the specific conditions of the site during the inspection, especially with pressure pumping. The blinding board and the tower entering the tank must be properly monitored. Patients with chronic bronchitis, active tuberculosis, chronic heart disease, severe anemia, organic nervous system diseases and pregnant women are not suitable for exposure to carbon monoxide.

5. How to deal with carbon dioxide poisoning?

Carbon dioxide is a colorless gas with a slight acidity at high concentrations and a molecular weight of 44.01. The specific gravity is 1.524, the boiling point is -78.5 ° C (sublimation) and the solubility in water at 20 ° C is 88 ml.

1. Toxicology: Low concentration of carbon dioxide has an excitatory effect on the respiratory center, and high concentration has a significant toxic paralysis effect. The ability of carbon dioxide to pass through the alveolar membrane is 25 times greater than that of oxygen. When the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air is high, it will cause carbon dioxide retention in the body, and hypoxia can cause suffocation and death. Even in the case of high oxygen concentrations, carbon dioxide can cause poisoning, and sometimes hypoxia and carbon dioxide poisoning coexist.

2. Poisoning performance: In addition to dizziness, headache, vertigo and tinnitus, inhaled concentrations of 8-10% of carbon dioxide, as well as shortness of breath, rapid pulse, weakness, elevated blood pressure, mental excitement, prolonged loss of consciousness. Severe acute attacks occur in a few seconds, almost like an electric shock, showing coma, reflexes, enlarged pupils, incontinence, vomiting, etc., severe cases of respiratory arrest and shock, and lighter within a few hours Gradually wake up, but still feel headache, dizziness, weakness, etc., often two or three days to recover.

3. Poisoning first aid: quickly get rid of the poisonous area, inhale oxygen, if necessary, treat with hyperbaric oxygen, rescue personnel should wear oxygen breathing apparatus or isolated gas mask.

4. Protective measures: Where carbon dioxide is produced, it must be protected from ventilation and enter the closed equipment. For containers and trenches, safety analysis should be carried out first to determine whether it is qualified. Before entering the high-concentration carbon dioxide site, it should be ventilated before the inspection and repair work. Oxygen breathing should be worn when the test fails. Or a long tube mask and someone to be supervised.

How to use oxygen breathing apparatus?

1. First check the respirator mask and the road tube for damage and blisters.

2. Then, after wearing the respirator, open the oxygen cylinder and observe the pressure indicated by the pressure gauge (normal working pressure is not less than 10 MPa).

3. Press the manual replenishment to discharge the original accumulated gas in the air bag.

4. Wear the mask, then take a few deep breaths to see if the internal parts of the respirator are good. Finally, confirm that the normal parts of the department can enter the disaster area.

5. When the pressure is lower than 3.0MPa, leave the job site immediately.

7. How to use an air respirator?

1. When using the air respirator, connect the components first, then open the cylinder switch to check the cylinder pressure. The switch is opened above the two buckles. When the pressure is lower than 24MPa, it is forbidden to enter the site.

2. The air breathing apparatus is behind the body. After the back, put the mask across your chest for wear.

3. Wear a mask, take a deep breath, supply valve or need to open the valve automatically, then the human body feels comfortable, when everything is normal, you can enter the field.

4. When using, always pay attention to the pressure change. When the pressure drops to 6MPa, it should be immediately evacuated from the scene. At this time, the alarm will also sound an alarm.

5. After use, loosen the mask strap clamp, remove the cover, vent the remaining pressure, remove the air respirator from the body, and close the cylinder switch.