In winter, home heating should be considered when decorating, but most of the owners’ knowledge of heating is still on the radiator, and there is little awareness of other heating methods. In fact, in addition to radiators, the current market is still popular with heating, central air conditioning heating and other heating methods. The decoration supervisor will help the decoration owner to have a preliminary understanding of various heating methods. Radiator heating Installed: less than 30,000 yuan Energy consumption: 1300 yuan per month Regarding the heating of radiators, the calculation of the heating area of ​​100 square meters of living area is between 260 yuan and 300 yuan per square meter, totaling less than 30,000 yuan, including all labor costs. Home installation of radiator heating, the price of the boiler in the 9000 ~ 12000 yuan is good; 100 square meters of the house needs heat sink 80 ~ 90 columns, each column in the 120 to 500 yuan; the material in the supervisor, branch pipe and valves and other accessories Plus the installation fee is about 6,000 yuan. The hourly air consumption of a 100-square-meter house is 2.3 cubic meters, which is 23 cubic meters a day for 10 hours. According to the current Wuhan gas charge standard, it is about 1300 yuan a month. Central air-conditioning heating Installation: between 25,000 and 35,000 yuan Energy consumption: 1,000 yuan per month "According to the 100-square-meter living area, the central air-conditioning was installed for a one-time investment of between 25,000 and 35,000 yuan, including labor costs. This is the mid-range level." Engineers estimate that if three rooms are equipped with air conditioning, the living room is installed. Air-conditioning cabinets, the cost of buying machines is about 20,000 yuan. Select air-conditioning heating, according to the current average price of electricity in Wuhan is 0.52 yuan per kilowatt hour, 100 square meters of central air-conditioning or three 1.5P air-conditioning, then the opening time in accordance with the daily calculation of 10 hours, such a month to calculate the electricity used in 1000 Yuan around. However, there is a significant weakness in air-conditioning heating. The worse the weather, the worse the effect of cooling and heating. It will be very difficult to start below -15°C, so air-conditioning heating is generally not used in places where winter temperatures are particularly low. Surface water heating Installed: between 18,000 yuan and 3 million yuan Energy consumption: more than 1600 yuan per month With regard to the cost of the floor heating system, the current ground heating methods mainly include low-temperature hot water floor radiant heating systems and heating cables ground radiant heating systems. The plumbing system involves three parts: radiators (coils), manifolds, and boilers. A 100 square meter house requires four workers for five days of workdays. Because the temperature in the water pipe is above 55°C, the thickness of the concrete on the ground will crack under 3cm, and the steel wire mesh must be added. At least, the cement cost is increased by RMB 30/m2. Water heating system Although the natural gas caloric value is higher than electricity, due to the great heat loss of the boiler itself, the actual use of plumbing is very energy intensive: the exhaust gas at the exhaust outlet of the boiler is 120°C-200°C when the boiler is burning. A lot of heat energy. The heating boiler has a minimum combustion threshold of 50%. When the owner uses a water separator to use only 10 square meters of heating in a 100 square meter room, the combustion value is still 50%, causing waste. To sum up, the installed cost of a 100-square-meter house is approximately between 18,000 yuan and 30,000 yuan. It is open for 10 hours a day, and the energy cost per month is more than 1,600 yuan. Ground heating Installed: between 30,000 and 40,000 yuan Energy consumption: 1,500 yuan per month "The heating cable is easy to install, only the coil and thermostat, 100 square meters of the house to be completed by four workers in two days." Because the temperature of the electric heating cable is above 65 °C, the thickness of the concrete on the ground is at least 5cm, and it needs to be added. Install steel mesh, at least 30 yuan / square meter of cement costs. The inherent line loss of heat-generating cable is difficult to be less than 20%. With the loss of the system and the heat absorbed by the thickened concrete layer in order to prevent cracking, the actual electricity-heat conversion rate in use is hardly higher than 70%. This requires the owners to pay more. If 100 square meters of the house, the installation cost of electric floor heating is about 30,000 yuan to 40,000 yuan, open 10 hours a day, the monthly energy cost is about 1,500 yuan. >>> Links: How to master the warmth and common sense winter comfort winter Buy materials House Heating Heating Central air conditioning Flat meter Renovated Living room The commonly used Pipette kits are mainly composed of a pipette and a pipette tip. The pipette tip is a single empty 1000 ul pipette tips,200ul pipette tips,10ul pipette tips,low retention pipette tips Yong Yue Medical Technology(Kunshan) Co.,Ltd , https://www.yymeds.com
Cavity reservoir; the pipette uses the principle of air displacement and controls the maximum displacement of the piston by rotating a screw with an ultra-fine thread
displacement, and then control the amount of liquid suction. There are the following problems when using the above kit for suction: 1. The suction volume is controlled by the pipette
After the pipette is sterilized or used for a period of time, it is easy to cause "hidden" failures, which cause the operator to be difficult to detect.
The actual suction volume is inaccurate, and it needs to be adjusted frequently, and the operation is cumbersome and time-consuming; 2. To improve the pipetting accuracy, the operator's
The operation requirements are high, and it is easily affected by factors such as the suction speed, the depth of the tip below the liquid level, and the inclination angle of the pipette.
The actual suction volume will be heard; 3. The actual suction volume will be affected because the suction head cover is not tight and leaking, and it will not be easily detected; 4.
When performing experiments that require high accuracy, such as analysis, in the operation of equal volume aspiration of liquids with different densities, the actual
The actual suction volume will be affected by the density itself; 5. In order to improve the accuracy, this type of pipette needs to carry out high
Cost-optimized design results in extremely high pipette costs.