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Recently, the National Energy Administration issued a shale gas development plan (2016-2020) (hereinafter referred to as “Planningâ€), and deployed vigorously to promote scientific and technological research, hierarchically explore and develop, strengthen the construction of national shale gas demonstration zones, and improve the foundation. Four major tasks, including facilities and markets.
The above-mentioned "Planning" pointed out that the goal of 2020 is to perfect the mature 3,500 meters of shallow-sea shale gas exploration and development technology, and to break through the 3,500 meters deep-sea shale gas, continental and marine-continental transitional shale gas exploration and development technology; In the case of smooth market development, we will strive to achieve a shale gas production of 30 billion cubic meters in 2020.
In addition, looking forward to 2030, during the “14th Five-Year Plan†and “15th Five-Year Plan†period, China's shale gas industry will accelerate its development, and marine, continental and marine-continental transitional shale gas development will all achieve breakthroughs. Large-scale shale gas fields and effective scale development, achieving shale gas production of 800-100 billion cubic meters in 2030.
Policy and dispute coexist
The “Planning†lists the policy mechanism for shale gas development: In 2012, the Ministry of Finance and the National Energy Administration issued a subsidy policy for the development and utilization of shale gas. From 2012 to 2015, the central government will measure the shale according to the standard of 0.4 yuan/m3. Gas mining enterprises provide subsidies; in 2015, the two departments made clear that the development and utilization of shale gas during the “13th Five-Year Plan†period continued to enjoy the central financial subsidy policy. The subsidy standard was adjusted to 0.3 yuan/m3 for the first three years and 0.2 yuan/cubic for the next two years. Meter. In 2013, the National Energy Administration issued the “Shale Gas Industry Policyâ€, which regulates and guides the industrial development, demonstration zone construction, technology policy, market and transportation, conservation and environmental protection, and promotes the healthy development of the shale gas industry. During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, a new mechanism for joint venture development of shale gas was established. Sinopec and PetroChina respectively established joint ventures with local enterprises to develop shale gas blocks such as Chongqing Fuling and Sichuan Changning.
In fact, despite the frequent policy of “warm winds†on shale gas development, there has been a dispute over the exploration and development of shale gas in terms of environmental pollution and water use.
It is understood that the natural gas according to the mining method is divided into conventional natural gas and unconventional natural gas. Although the latter is more difficult to mine, when the technical and economic conditions develop to a certain extent, these unconventional natural gas can be mass-produced. . As unconventional natural gas, the development and utilization of shale gas will save and replace a large amount of coal and petroleum resources, reduce carbon dioxide emissions, and improve the ecological environment.
Despite this, shale gas development will have certain environmental impacts. For example, shale gas well construction will cause damage to surface vegetation, and methane escaping or abnormal leakage may occur during development and gathering, and shale gas stimulation will lead to Surface vibration, increased production and transformation of water consumption, affecting the use of water resources in the mining area, and improper treatment of drilling fluid and fracturing fluid after returning to the discharge, may also cause pollution. In addition, China's shale gas enrichment area is mainly distributed in densely populated areas, and shale gas development has the situation of “competing with people†and “striving for peopleâ€.
“In fact, there is no difference between the pollution caused by shale gas mining and the oil. There is not much difference between shale gas wells and ordinary gas wells. Many natural gas wells also use fracturing methods in the process of fracturing. There will be fracturing fluid, and the fracturing fluid may have some pollution, but the fracturing fluid will be recycled with the mud company in the drilling. If it is handled properly, it will not cause more pollution.†Han Xiaoping, chief researcher of China Energy Network, The First Financial Daily reporter said.
Many problems need to be solved
In Han Xiaoping's view, how to improve the visibility and analysis ability of geological information, reduce management costs, and flexible production mechanisms are the aspects that need attention in the future shale gas mining process.
"From a technical point of view, we have mastered the general technology. The geological data and geological information technology in the United States are relatively developed. For the analysis of geology, the openness of data and the operation of big data are better, so the success rate of drilling Higher, the control ability for well drilling is strong, and the domestic geological information about shale gas is controlled by a small number of enterprises, and there are certain barriers between them, which increases the difficulty of large-scale mining,†Han Xiaoping said.
According to Han Xiaoping, “In general, the phenomenon of redundant workers in the wells in China is relatively common, so the cost of management is relatively high. In addition, unlike the higher degree of marketization in the United States, our companies use their own teams to mine. In this way, the cost of mining will remain high. In addition, the United States has a large amount of venture capital funds flowing into the shale gas mining industry. If the gas is produced, it will be happy. If it does not come out, the capital will sink to the ground. Finally, the way of production is different. The way the United States adopts is to form capacity as soon as possible after production, and release the production as much as possible. After the investment is quickly recovered, the next round of financing will be used to create new wells, which will be more conducive to capital. Operation."
These differences may be compensated for through reforms.
The "Plan" clearly stated that it is necessary to compete for the transfer of shale gas blocks, improve the exit mechanism of shale gas blocks, liberalize the market, introduce various investment entities, and build a market structure and market system for effective competition in the shale gas industry. Give play to the role of the market in the allocation of resources, increase shale gas investment, reduce development costs; encourage joint ventures and cooperation, and accelerate the exploration and development progress of existing high-quality blocks.
In addition, for the supporting measures for commercial shale gas, the “Planning†also proposes to support shale gas access pipe network or nearby use according to shale gas production capacity construction and national natural gas pipeline network construction and planning, and encourage various investments. The main body enters the shale gas sales market, and gradually forms a market pattern in which various entities such as shale gas mining enterprises, sales enterprises and urban gas-operated enterprises coexist.
Since the beginning of this year, China's unconventional natural gas has accounted for a significant increase in the proportion of all natural gas. Shale gas has become the most important source of unconventional natural gas. The sharp increase in its output has also become the main cause of the rapid growth of unconventional natural gas.
According to data released by the National Bureau of Statistics, unconventional natural gas accounted for 12.1% of natural gas production from January to July this year, an increase of 6.0 percentage points over the same period of the previous year. Among them, the shale gas ratio was 6.3%, an increase of 5.5 percentage points. In July, unconventional natural gas production was 9.64 billion cubic meters, an increase of 104.8%, of which shale gas production was 5.01 billion cubic meters, an increase of 7.3 times.
Despite this, the current plunge in international oil prices may affect the enthusiasm of shale gas development.
“Although the policy was encouraged from the beginning, at present, under the situation of relatively low oil prices, the enthusiasm of the main body is not enough.†Lin Boqiang, dean of the China Energy Policy Research Institute of Xiamen University, told the “First Financial Daily†reporter that shale gas The advantage is that it is relatively clean and can reduce the degree of external dependence of China's natural gas. However, if the enthusiasm for development is not high, then the problems related to technology, cost and environment are not discussed.
Abstract Shale gas, which has long been favored by policy, has once again been pushed to the forefront of attention. Recently, the National Energy Administration issued a shale gas development plan (2016-2020) (hereinafter referred to as "Planning"), deployed a vigorous promotion of scientific and technological research, hierarchical layout exploration and development, plus...
The shale gas, which has always been favored by policy, has once again been pushed to the forefront of attention.