Major misunderstanding of clinical treatment of pig foot-and-mouth disease

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection and mainly infects cloven-hoofed animals such as pigs, cattle and sheep. It has long been included in the zoonotic disease category. According to the relevant laws and regulations of the Chinese government, any pig farm that has been identified as a foot-and-mouth disease by a qualified professional institution shall be treated harmlessly. Therefore, it is of great significance to accurately understand the incidence characteristics of foot-and-mouth disease, to do practical and reliable prevention and control measures, to ensure the safety of humans and animals, and to avoid losses.

Clinical symptoms of foot and mouth disease in pigs

Pigs infected with FMDV generally show blisters in the breasts of the lips, nose, hoof and lactating sows, and have common symptoms such as ulceration and hoof sputum, which seriously affect the standing, walking, feeding and drinking of animals. And further cause weight loss and even death; severe cases of acute infection can lead to acute exacerbation of viral myocarditis, resulting in sudden death, except for a small number of sick animal nostrils occasionally white milky liquid outflow, hoof crown is transparent ring, most diseases There is almost no visible symptom before the death of the animal; the necropsy often shows a band of necrotic streaks on the surface of the ventricular muscle, so it is called "tiger spot" necrosis. After infection with FMDV, except for the large proportion of sudden deaths in lactating young animals, the cases of suspected myocarditis sudden death in infected pigs in the growth and finishing period seem to be increasing, causing heavy losses to the farm.

Epidemiological characteristics of foot and mouth disease in pigs

Porcine foot and mouth disease has a strong ability to spread, is a typical contact sexually transmitted disease, but does not rule out the spread through air balloon glue (some scholars believe that the latter should also be attributed to contact sexual transmission). For a long time, FMD is considered to have obvious characteristics of seasonal morbidity transmission. However, in the context of a large ecological environment and the immune function of animal social groups are generally disordered, pig FMD seems to have a normal incidence trend. Suspected FMD symptoms can often be seen as a basis for the investigation of the normal state of FMDV after long-distance trafficking and severely stressed apparently healthy pigs staying in the live pig reserve column or transit warehouse for more than 48 hours. .

It is generally believed that in Asia, large-scale epidemics are still common from late autumn to early spring. The existence of this situation seems to further validate an important condition of the FMD epidemic: the sudden changes in the ambient temperature, the pigs that have been suspected of swine flu (commonly known as hyperthermia), infectious gastroenteritis and epidemic diarrhea The immune function of the group is greatly damaged, especially the damage of the respiratory and gastrointestinal mucosal immune functions that have not yet attracted the attention of the academic community and the industry, which may further weaken the overall immune function of the body, thus making the animal population easier to FMDV. sense. On the other hand, it seems that it can also partly explain the importance of the overall immune function of the animal's body: even if some areas have been vaccinated 2 to 3 times for the pigs according to the regulations, they are still unable to resist the invasion of FMD. (Because of the lack of reliable laboratory data, the specificity of the vaccine strain and the level of immunogenicity are beyond the scope of this paper).

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It is true that from the perspective of holistic immunology, neutralizing antibodies stimulated by inactivated vaccines are only part of the immune function of animals. In addition to the cellular immune function that has long been recognized by the academic community, it has not been quantified and standardized. In addition to the operational status, there are still many areas of immunology to be explored. Among them, the study of non-specific immune function should be carefully explored from the practice of production. The highly empirical veterinary science is theoretically researched and practical. It seems that the operation should not be limited to only one indicator of neutralizing antibody titers for specific active immunization. In the past ten years, the fact that the pig industry has deeply realized that the vaccine is getting more and more, the fact that pigs are getting more and more diseases should not only be comprehensive from the perspective of the spread of foot-and-mouth disease, but also from the perspective of the whole system of prevention and control of livestock and poultry diseases. Reflect on it carefully and find useful inspiration from it.

In addition, the incidence of suspected FMDV-infected farms is generally: growing and fattening pigs (especially large pigs with a weight of about 90 kg) → reserve breeding herds → pregnant pigs → maternity lactating sows and pigs → Nursery piglets. Whether this is related to the high stocking density, relatively heavy stress and poor sanitation of growing and finishing pigs remains to be further studied, but there is no doubt that the cracked hoof of growing and finishing pigs is quite serious (the abattoir or meat market is almost No hoof can be found without crack damage. The first defensive barrier is almost completely lost. The pathogen can be driven straight without knocking on the door. It is undoubtedly one of the important background reasons for the spread of foot-and-mouth disease. There are many misunderstandings in the clinical mistreatment of foot-and-mouth disease in pigs. There are many misunderstandings in the clinical treatment of other diseases. Since the technical literacy of the pig industry is generally in need of improvement, there are many misunderstandings in the handling of foot-and-mouth disease. The most harmful of these is the misunderstanding of the basic principles of the treatment of viral infections and bacterial infections. It is well known that due to the particularity of the structure of the virus and its breeding habits, almost no drugs have been directly used for therapeutic purposes. Therefore, the habit of practitioners who “injected the disease” is aggravated by the pigs infected with FMD. Stress, and speed up the spread (multiple pigs share a needle, the operator acts as a medium of transmission), there is no help if the injection of some of the common antipyretic functions of the central nervous system, such as An Nai, is common in the market. Antiallergic drugs such as aminopropanoids and dexamethasone (the so-called injections of traditional Chinese medicine ingredients) will undoubtedly cause a sharp decline in the cellular immune function of animals, and inevitably a large number of deaths. Some grassroots veterinarians believe that the injection of certain antibiotics is expected to control the secondary bacterial infection. In addition to the misunderstanding of the inversion of the original, the excessive commercialization of profit-seeking behavior is often the driving force behind the increase in pig disease. Clinical treatment plan for suspected diseased pigs If there are unrecognized suspected FMD symptoms in the herd (there are often people who mistake the "bubble disease" with strong transmission characteristics for FMD), from the perspective of reducing losses, deal with:

1. Isolation of suspected sick pigs and reduce the chance of transmission.

2. Keep the pig house ventilated and dry (the relative humidity in the house should be kept below 65%, the soil in the delivery room and the nursery can be used to heat up and damp), and warm (preferably stay above 25 °C).

3. Strengthen disinfection with a truly effective disinfectant, but do not increase the humidity inside the house.

4. Add additives and multivitamins with immune regulation function to the feed to speed up the recovery.

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