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Pollution-free vegetables are safe and of high quality and have been favored by people in recent years. In addition to protecting the production environment, the rational use of pesticides and fertilizers is also critical.
1. Pest control. When planting, try to use varieties with strong disease resistance. For example, spring cultivation of cucumbers may be carried out with varieties such as Changchun Mia and Xintai Mickey, and in autumn cultivation, Jinyan No.6, Jinyan No.7 and Jinchun 3, which are resistant to downy mildew, are selected. No. and other varieties. When controlling pests and diseases, 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed on the foliage of fruit vegetables, melon vegetables and legumes in combination with application to improve the disease resistance of the plants.
2. Use chemical control. Microbial pesticides should be used as much as possible on pesticides. The microbial pesticides suitable for use on vegetables include Beauveria bassiana, 7216, HD-1, Penicillium 6, BT emulsion, and cotton bollworm insecticides. It is strictly forbidden to use high-toxic, highly toxic and high-residue pesticides in vegetable production, such as 1605, 1059, 3911, carbofuran, methamidophos, insecticidal cockroach, toxaphene, xilixin, saili, etc. Some of the following pesticides (recommended by the Ministry of Agriculture): 25% insecticidal double, 90% crystalline trichlorfon, 40% dimethoate, 80% dichlorvos, 50% phoxim, 73% gram, 25% marathon, 20% Fast-killing, 20% cypermethrin, 25% deltamethrin, 25% chlorpyrifos, 50% carbendazim, 65% dixon, 70% chlorothalonil, 25% leaf extract, Bordeaux mixture, etc. Spray pesticides in strict accordance with their safety intervals, and control the number of uses, concentration and dosage.
3. Nitrogen application. Different types of vegetables, the amount and usage of nitrogen fertilizer are also different. Spinach, cabbage, lettuce and other vegetables tend to accumulate large amounts of nitrate, and nitrate-nitrogen fertilizer should be banned. For fruit vegetables and root vegetables that are not easy to accumulate nitrate, the amount of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer and the number of applications should be strictly controlled in production, and the application should be stopped 30 days before harvesting.
4. In the vegetable production, the season of cultivation is different, and the usage of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is also different.
Under normal circumstances, in the high temperature season cultivation of vegetables, a small amount of nitrate fertilizer can be applied, but nitrate fertilizer should be banned when growing vegetables in the cold season.
5. When applying fertilizer, apply organic fertilizer as much as possible, and use base fertilizer as the main. Nitrogen fertilizer should be applied early and deep to reduce the accumulation of nitrate, and at the same time minimize the amount of nitrogen fertilizer. When applying ammonium fertilizer to leafy vegetables, the amount of land per acre should not exceed 30 kg, and foliar application is strictly prohibited.
Huaxian County Agricultural Products Inspection and Testing Center Chang Bili
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