In today's society, developed countries have paid unprecedented attention to energy conservation. China's current energy consumption per unit of building area is equivalent to three times to five times that of developed countries with similar climatic conditions. China is a country with relatively poor energy. Therefore, rational use of energy, improvement of energy efficiency, and energy conservation are the basic national policies of China. Although China recognizes the urgency of the problem and vigorously introduces and develops many new energy-saving technologies and materials, China's construction level is low, far lower than that of developed countries. In buildings, the heat loss of the external protection structure is large. The wall in the envelope structure also occupies a large share. Therefore, the development of exterior wall insulation technology and energy-saving materials is the main way to achieve energy-saving construction. It is necessary to have a strong technical technology while rationally selecting economical and practical exterior wall insulation materials. Backed up, thus realizing building energy efficiency. In the building, the heat loss of the outer protective structure is large, and the wall in the outer protective structure occupies a large share. External wall insulation mainly relies on thermal insulation materials as building envelopes. On the one hand, it satisfies the thermal environment of building space or thermal equipment, and on the other hand, it has the effect of building energy conservation. Therefore, the development and application of high-efficiency thermal insulation materials is to ensure building energy conservation. Effective measures. The more significant role of thermal insulation materials is to protect the main structure and extend the life of the building. For the 70-year-old houses in China, it is more necessary to select the wall and roof insulation materials to effectively prevent and reduce the temperature deformation of the wall and roof, and effectively eliminate the common oblique cracks or cracks. The application of thermal insulation materials basically eliminates the influence of "heat bridge", the heat loss is reduced, and the heat preservation work effect is prominent. At the same time, the wall structure layer can attract or release heat, which is favorable for the room temperature to be stable, the wall moisture condition is improved, the condensation is eliminated, and the living comfort is improved. At present, although there are more than 30 varieties of thermal insulation materials in China, the grades are not high enough to meet the growing market demand. The existing residential area in China is about 40 billion m2. In recent years, the number of newly built houses has reached 1.69 billion m2 per year. Among them, less than 200 million m2 of building energy-saving design standards, accounting for 0.5%, and only 15% of newly-built houses have reached energy-saving standards. Since building energy efficiency can greatly reduce energy consumption, reduce environmental pollution and greenhouse effect, China and other countries attach great importance to building energy conservation, while most of the insulation materials are used in construction. With a wide variety of exterior wall insulation materials, with the development of science and technology, the development and application of efficient insulation materials is an effective measure to ensure energy conservation in buildings. Polyurethane rigid foam 6å©å©) is a kind of polymer synthetic material composed of tiny closed bubbles. It is mainly composed of polyether polyol and isocyanate two-component liquid raw materials. Under the action of various additives such as catalyst, foaming agent and foam stabilizer, it is mixed with special equipment to generate thermal reaction, instantaneous atomization, and closed cell ratio. More than 95% of the hard foam compound has water impermeability and gas impermeability. The thermal conductivity of polyurethane rigid foam is 0.022w/(imK), which is much lower than traditional thermal insulation materials, good thermal insulation performance, less environmental pollution and good energy saving effect. At the same time, it has high strength, high adhesion, high resistance to breakage, high elongation, short construction period and easy construction performance. However, compared with the traditional insulation method, the polyurethane rigid foam external wall insulation requires higher construction technology, and is restricted and restricted by various factors such as temperature, humidity and wind force during construction, thereby increasing the construction cost, and the material cost is currently engineering. The highest of the insulation materials used in the process. Based on the good performance of polyurethane rigid foam, through continuous improvement of construction technology and improvement of construction quality in recent years, it has produced very obvious effects. It is especially suitable for construction applications in energy-saving renovation of existing buildings and new buildings. In some developed countries, the consumption of polyurethane rigid foams has been the highest in the total amount of insulation materials. For example, in the United States, the use of polyurethane rigid foams in construction in 1996 accounted for 49% of the total consumption. Polyphenylene granule slurry is a high molecular polymer modified cement based cementitious material with a large density and heat transfer coefficient. The rubber powder polystyrene granule slurry has the characteristics of high bonding performance, high anti-dripping, easy construction, etc., so that the polystyrene granule slurry of the rubber powder can be easily applied to the wall without blanking, and the loss during the slurry construction process is minimized. A big common problem, the insulation layer is not empty, no shell, no cracking. The technical properties are specifically applied to the bonding of polystyrene particles in the colloidal polyphenylene granule slurry system. The heat transfer coefficient of rubber powder polystyrene granule insulation slurry is not more than 0.06W"ITIK, to achieve energy saving 50. or even 65. The single rubber powder polyphenyl granule outer wall thermal insulation system has no economic rationality, that is, slurry The more the content of polystyrene pellets, the less the content of rubber powder, the lower the strength of the insulation layer, and the better the insulation effect. For example, the more the rubber powder content in the slurry, the polystyrene pellets contain the camp. The less the insulation layer, the higher the strength of the insulation layer, and the worse the insulation effect. The rubber powder polystyrene slurry is suitable for use in hot and cold winter areas and is not suitable for cold areas and severe cold areas. The performance and process of polyurethane rigid foam and rubber powder polystyrene slurry are quite different. The thermal conductivity is twice that of the latter. The outer wall material of the same thickness, the thermal resistance of polyurethane rigid foam is slightly larger than that of rubber powder polystyrene pulp. material. As the thickness of the two materials increases, the thermal resistance increases almost linearly. The heat transfer resistance of the polyurethane rigid foam is larger than that of the rubber polystyrene slurry, and the heat transfer coefficient is reversed. Based on the above analysis, the choice of the two materials needs to be based on specific performance and construction requirements. The choice of reinforcement network in the construction process is glass fiber mesh. The glass fiber mesh can be used as a key reinforcing material for the soft compensation of the crack-resistant protective layer, which can effectively increase the tensile strength of the protective layer and can also resist cracking. Polystyrene foam is a material which has polystyrene resin as the main raw material and is foamed by a foaming agent and has numerous closed micropores inside. It is the most used cushioning material at present. Polystyrene foam has a low density (normally 0.0150.03), low thermal conductivity, low water absorption, good sound insulation performance, high mechanical strength, good temperature adaptability, strong radiation resistance, and high dimensional accuracy. The structure is uniform, so its occupation rate is high in the external wall insulation. However, the material will emit styrene gas that pollutes the environment when it burns. At present, the new type of polystyrene foam is used as the intermediate filling material to make the composite thermal insulation board, which has the characteristics of good heat preservation, light weight, convenient construction and high efficiency. (Table 1 shows the performance indexes of commonly used polyurethane foams and expanded polystyrene foams.) At present, foreign thermal insulation construction is more difficult than foreign countries, mainly because the monomer area and height of domestic building structures are high relative to foreign buildings. Therefore, the requirements for domestic external wall insulation are much higher than those of developed countries. However, China's current building energy conservation awareness is poor, legislation is not perfect, although energy-saving technical standards are mandatory standards, but lack of administrative regulations and implementation agencies to implement supervision, but also lack of economic policy-driven mechanisms, energy-saving technology investment is too small, from research to promotion The work of the link is still not supported, and the building energy-saving industrial system is far from established. Based on China's national conditions, building energy conservation has always been the main content of implementing national environmental protection and energy conservation policies, and is an important part of implementing the sustainable development of the national economy. Relevant statistics show that the number of newly built houses in China is 1.61 billion m2 per year. If the area of ​​the external wall is calculated according to the construction area of ​​2.5 times, the annual increase of the external wall area is 4,047.75 billion m2. In addition, there are a large number of old buildings in the country to save energy every year. Renovation, therefore, the market potential of building exterior insulation materials is very huge. With the increasing intensity of energy in the world, external wall insulation materials are the focus of energy conservation. China clearly recognizes that building energy conservation must be based on the development of new energy-saving materials. The performance of materials directly determines the energy-saving effect. Through the use of new energy-saving materials, it can save building energy consumption, and at the same time reduce the emissions of sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide and other wastes, effectively functioning as building insulation and wall enclosure. China is actively striving to develop and utilize new exterior wall insulation materials, as well as improve the market supply and demand of insulation materials, construction technical standards, site management, quality supervision and management. Under the environment of building energy-saving leaps and bounds, building exterior wall insulation materials (down to page 204) Table 1 Polyurethane foam plastics and expanded polystyrene foam plastics performance items Thermal conductivity / density / (kg flat 3) heat resistance Cold resistance compressive strength / MPa self-extinguishing / s material utilization /% polyurethane fire self-extinguishing polystyrene construction project to talk about the current situation and countermeasures of rural fire protection work Ren Kangjie Xinjiang Shihezi City Public Security Fire Brigade City Brigade Xinjiang Shihezi 832000 The author of the rural fire protection work combined with his own practical work experience, expounded several suggestions for improving rural fire protection work. China is a large agricultural country with a vast rural area. However, due to the constraints and influences of various factors, the rural fire protection work is weak, and the development of various places is also very uneven. The contradiction in rural fires is relatively prominent, and rural fires are directly high. As the most basic social group, how to strengthen the rural fire prevention work and effectively protect the fundamental interests of the peasants and ensure the basic fire safety of rural production and life has become an extremely important part of the current fire protection work. I. Current status and causes of rural fire protection work Through the in-depth analysis of various types of rural fire accidents, the current status of rural fire protection work is as follows: (1) The fire safety awareness is weak, and the fire safety knowledge is lacking. Due to the low overall cultural quality of the rural residents, the lack of necessary fire-fighting knowledge has made many people not only have a lack of understanding of the necessary fire escape and self-help knowledge, but also have an attitude of not understanding or supporting the regular fire supervision and inspection. (2) The layout of rural buildings is unreasonable, and the fire resistance of buildings is low. Rural streets are in some sense the fire separation distance. Because rural buildings have not been audited for fire and fire protection design, they have not been planned in a long-term and reasonable way, and they are still laissez-faire. Continued the old homestead, connected to each other, resulting in insufficient fire separation. (3) Insufficient understanding of fire protection work, lack of rural fire management. Individual township party committee and government have insufficient understanding of the importance of fire protection work and insufficient attention. In recent years, some local leaders have attached great importance to the development of rural economy. They have insufficient understanding of fire protection work and insufficient attention. The fire safety management work is weak. The fire safety work organization of the village (residential) committee is weak and lacks guidance and supervision. Really put on the agenda. (4) The fire-fighting infrastructure is weak, and the rural fire-fighting forces are blank. In rural areas, due to serious financial shortages and insufficient leadership attention, there are few or no funds for the construction of fire-fighting infrastructure every year, and there is a serious shortage of fire-fighting equipment. The construction of rural fire-fighting infrastructure and the allocation of equipment and equipment are also difficult to solve due to many reasons. The basic conditions of rural fire-fighting work are poor and start late, and the funds invested by the townships and towns in fire-fighting work are relatively small. In the event of a fire, the original firefighting method can only be used to extinguish the fire. The small disaster is easy to cause a major disaster. II. Measures and countermeasures to strengthen the current rural fire protection work (1) Unifying thoughts, actively changing concepts, and effectively strengthening the government's leadership role in fire protection work Fire protection work is a comprehensive social and mass work, which involves All fields and thousands of households are related to the vital interests of the masses and the major events of the national economy and people's livelihood. Governments at all levels must thoroughly implement the Fire Protection Law of the People's Republic of China and the Xinjiang Fire Protection Regulations, and earnestly perform their fire safety duties. The township people's governments should base their efforts on rural realities and incorporate fire protection into the overall development plan of townships. First, it is necessary to raise the awareness of the main body of fire safety in rural areas and strengthen the implementation of the responsibility system for fire safety in rural areas. Governments at all levels must effectively incorporate rural fire protection into the work of the government, implement a fire safety responsibility system, sign responsibility levels step by step, and implement responsibility at all levels. The second is to establish a fire management network at various levels. Each township should establish a fire safety management leading group, with the main leader as the team leader, and the members should be composed of the police station and the village committee leader, and formulate corresponding job responsibilities. (2) Reasonable ministry rural fire protection planning, improvement of fire protection infrastructure Due to economic, historical and geographical reasons, the current rural buildings have low fire resistance rating and unreasonable building layout, and often several houses are connected to each other for fire. Rapid spread, forming a situation of burning and burning. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the fire protection planning and design in rural areas in accordance with the fire safety regulations for village buildings, and fundamentally change the current situation of low fire resistance and insufficient fire prevention distance in rural buildings to improve the fire prevention and resilience of rural areas. Because rural fires are more flammable, alarming and driving are inconvenient, it is easy to form a situation of burning and burning. Firefighting work should be based on self-defense. It is necessary to improve various public fire protection facilities according to local conditions. Use water-saving rivers and pits to build water-saving facilities as fire water sources, and use public water pipes to install public fire hydrants for self-rescue water intake and fire truck water supply. (3) Grasping the training of grassroots civilian police and giving full play to the role of the police station at the grassroots level. The township police stations are the most basic units of the public security team. They are close to the rural areas and familiar with the rural conditions in each jurisdiction. They should be given the advantage to achieve early rescue. The effect of saving small, saving and timely smashing. First, do a good job in the fire service training of grassroots public security police. Let them master the initial fire and simple fire fighting skills, such as liquefied gas cylinders, electrical line fires, etc., so that some fires are extinguished. In the initial stage, it will not cause disasters in the small disasters; the second is to do a good job in the construction of the fire brigade of the police station. The police station has set up a fire brigade with light and flexible mobile fire-fighting equipment, such as hand-lifting fire pumps and small fire trucks. These equipments are both economical and practical in rural areas. They will not bring economic burdens to grassroots police stations, but also save small fires, start fires, and control the development of larger fires. Third, local governments and enterprises The role of the full-time and part-time fire brigade established by the unit. Good management, good use, and coordination of them, fully full-time part-time fire brigade in social firefighting It also compensates for the shortcomings of the current construction of fire stations. (4) Carry out multi-style publicity and education activities, improve self-defense and self-rescue ability, carry out "firefighting work into rural areas, and increase publicity work. Rural villages and towns are partial, far and wide, and firefighting publicity and education work must be targeted. To effectively do this work, we must carry out in-depth investigations, inculcate in multiple channels, in multiple directions, and in many forms, so that fire safety knowledge is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, household names, and women and children are well known. At the same time, firefighting knowledge education is given to primary and middle school students through the school. The fire safety education activities for primary school students extend to rural primary and secondary schools, and incorporate fire safety knowledge and fire laws and regulations into the educational content of primary and secondary school students, so that they can receive fire safety education from an early age and establish a fire safety concept. Make full use of frugality and culture to go to the countryside. The time to catch up with the peasants’ favorite and lively propaganda forms, the fire safety knowledge such as fire prevention knowledge, fire escape and self-rescue, etc. are widely publicized to farmers, especially to report the typical fire cases happening to the farmers in time, through other people’s blood and Lessons from fire, awakening the fire of rural people Safety alertness, improve the consciousness of consciously complying with fire safety. (5) Strengthening the construction of various forms of firefighting teams, and strengthening the initial fire fighting power in rural areas. Townships, villages, and social organizations can be established in various regions. Rural compulsory fire brigades should be established according to geographical location, village community layout, and population size, and designated personnel should be responsible for organization and management. It is combined with the security team and the militia team to form a linkage mechanism. In view of the fact that the rural roads are narrow and the water source is inconvenient, some small fire engines with small amount of fire extinguishing agent can be equipped to reach the rural village groups. Although it is a small amount of fire extinguishing agent, it can extinguish some small fires and control the development of the initial fire. In order to deal with the fact that fire trucks are difficult to dock in rural rivers and ponds, they should also be equipped with hand-lifting and cart-type fire pumps, so that all kinds of water sources in rural areas can be used as fire water sources at any time. The public security fire department should study and formulate corresponding emergency measures in light of the actual situation in the region, closely rely on rural grassroots organizations such as township and town governments and public security police stations, supervise and guide villagers' committees to carry out mass fire prevention work, and strengthen compulsory firefighting in rural areas. The team's business training, the establishment of farmers' fire safety conventions and other rules and regulations, annual assessment and acceptance of fire protection work, raise existing problems, and constantly summarize work experience. Rural fire protection work, whether at present or in the future, is based on comprehensive management, forming a good situation of departmental linkage, group prevention and group management, and joint management, relying on the self-power of the masses to develop and strengthen self-governing organizations and improve fire supervision mechanisms. In short, rural fire protection work is related to the development of rural economy and social stability. It involves the vital interests of the vast rural masses and the safety of people and property. Strengthening and improving rural fire protection work is an urgent requirement for comprehensively promoting the construction of a new socialist countryside. (Finish)
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