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Centrifugal centrifugal pump concept is actually the performance of objects inertia, such as water droplets on the umbrella, when the umbrella slowly rotating, the water droplets will follow the umbrella rotation, this is because the friction between the umbrella and the water droplets as the centripetal force to the water droplets. But if the umbrella rotates faster, the friction is not enough to make the water drop in circular motion, then the water drop will move away from the umbrella toward the outer edge, just as a rope pulls the stone to make a circular motion. If it is too fast, the rope will Disconnected, the rocks will fly out. This is called Centrifugal. Centrifugal pump is designed according to this principle, high-speed rotation of the impeller blades to rotate the water, the water thrown, so as to achieve the purpose of delivery. There are a variety of centrifugal pumps, from the use can be divided into civilian and industrial pumps; from the transmission medium can be divided into clean pump impurities pump corrosion-resistant pumps. Centrifugal pump basic structure The basic structure of the centrifugal pump is composed of six parts, namely: impeller, pump body, pump shaft, bearings, seal ring, stuffing box. 1, the impeller is the core part of the centrifugal pump, it is high speed output power, the blades on the impeller play a major role in the impeller assembly before static balance experiment. The inner and outer surfaces of the impeller require smoothness to reduce the frictional loss of water flow. 2, also known as the pump casing, it is the main pump. To support the role of fixed, and with the bearing bracket to connect. 3, the role of the pump shaft is connected by a coupling and motor, the motor torque to the impeller, so it is the main component of mechanical energy transfer. 4, the bearing is set on the pump shaft supporting the pump shaft components, there are two types of rolling bearings and plain bearings. Rolling bearings using butter as a lubricant to the appropriate general size of 2/3 ~ 3/4 Too much heat, too little sound and fever! Centrifugal pump structure is the use of transparent oil lubricants, refueling to the oil level line. Too much oil to bleed along the pump shaft and drift *, too little bearing but also overheating and burn accident! In the process of running the pump bearing temperature up to 85 ℃ generally run at 60 degrees, if high, we must find out the reasons (whether impurities, whether the oil is black, whether the water) and timely treatment! 5, seal ring, also known as leakage ring. The gap between the impeller inlet and the pump casing is too large, causing the water in the high-pressure area of ​​the pump to flow to the low-pressure area through this gap, affecting the output of the pump and reducing the efficiency. The gap is too small will cause the impeller and the pump shell friction wear. In order to increase the backflow resistance to reduce internal leakage, delay the service life of the impeller and the pump housing, the inner edge of the pump housing and the impeller is provided with a sealing ring at the joint of the outer support, and the sealed clearance is maintained at between 0.25 and 1.10mm. 6, stuffing box mainly by the filler, water seal ring, packing tube, packing gland, water seal tube. The purpose of the stuffing box is to close the gap between the pump housing and the pump shaft so that the water inside the pump does not flow outside and the outside air does not enter the pump. Always keep the pump vacuum! When the pump shaft friction with the filler to generate heat will depend on the water seal to live in the water seal ring so that the filler cooling! Maintain the normal operation of the pump. Therefore, during the inspection of the pump running inspection of stuffing box is a special note! Filler needs to be replaced after about 600 hours of operation. Centrifugal pump works Centrifugal pump principle of work is: Centrifugal pump so water can be sent out due to the role of centrifugal force. Pump before work, the pump body and the inlet pipe must be filled with water into a vacuum state, when the impeller is rapidly rotating, the blade to promote rapid rotation of water, rotating water from the impeller in the centrifugal force of the fly, the pump After the water is thrown out, the central part of the impeller forms a vacuum area. Suwon's water pressure in the air pressure (or water pressure) under pressure through the pipe into the water pipe. This endless cycle, you can achieve continuous pumping. It is worth mentioning that: before starting the pump must be filled with water to the pump casing before starting, otherwise it will cause the pump body heat, vibration, reduce the amount of water, causing damage to the pump (referred to as cavitation) caused by equipment ACCIDENT. Many types of centrifugal pumps, classification methods are common in the following ways 1 by the impeller inhalation points: single suction centrifugal pump double suction centrifugal pump. 2 according to the number of impeller points: single-stage centrifugal pump multistage centrifugal pump. 3 according to the structure of the impeller: open impeller centrifugal pump semi-open impeller centrifugal pump closed impeller centrifugal pump. 4 according to the working pressure points: low pressure centrifugal pump medium pressure centrifugal pump high pressure centrifugal pump side vertical centrifugal pump. Impeller is installed in the pump housing 2, and fastened on the pump shaft 3, the pump shaft directly driven by the motor. The pump housing has a liquid suction 4 and suction pipe 5 connected. The liquid enters the pump through the bottom valve 6 and the suction tube. The liquid discharge port 8 in the pump housing is connected to the discharge pipe 9. Before starting the centrifugal pump, the pump housing is filled with liquid being transported; after starting, the impeller is driven by the shaft to rotate at a high speed, and the liquid between the blades must also rotate along with it. Under the action of centrifugal force, liquid is thrown from the center of the impeller to the outer edge and gains energy, leaving the outer edge of the impeller to enter the scroll casing at a high speed. In the volute, the liquid due to the gradual expansion of the slowing down, but also part of the kinetic energy into static pressure, and finally to a higher pressure into the discharge pipe, to the required place. When the liquid flows from the impeller center to the outer edge, a certain vacuum is formed in the center of the impeller. Since the pressure above the liquid level in the sump is greater than the pressure at the inlet of the pump, the liquid is continuously pressed into the impeller. Visible, as long as the impeller constantly rotating, the liquid will be continuously inhaled and discharged. Barrage Phenomena When there is air in the pump housing, there is less centrifugal force due to the much lower density of the air than the density of the liquid. Thus, the tank above the liquid level and the pump inlet pressure difference is not enough to the tank liquid into the pump pressure, that is, centrifugal pump no self-absorption capacity, so that the centrifugal pump can not deliver liquid, this phenomenon is called the phenomenon of gas tied . In order to fill the pump with liquid, a bottom valve with strainer is usually installed at the bottom of the suction pipe. The bottom valve is a check valve. The strainer prevents solid matter from entering the pump to damage the impeller or impede the normal operation of the pump. The role of the impeller is to transfer the mechanical energy of the prime mover directly to the liquid, in order to increase the hydrostatic pressure and kinetic energy of the liquid, mainly to increase the static pressure energy. Impellers generally have 6 to 12 blades after bending. Impeller has open, semi-closed and closed three. The open impeller has no cover plate on both sides of the blade, which is simple in manufacture and convenient in cleaning. It is suitable for conveying materials containing a large amount of suspended matter, which has low efficiency and low pressure of liquid to be transported. The semi-closed impeller has no cover on the suction inlet side Plate, and on the other side of the cover, suitable for conveying easily sediment or particles containing materials, the efficiency is lower; closed impeller impeller on both sides of the blade has a front and rear cover, high efficiency, suitable for the delivery of impurities Clean liquid. Most of the centrifugal pump impeller for such. Impeller has a single suction and double suction two suction method. There is a water inlet is a single suction, you can double from the water inlet on both sides. The role is to seal the impeller in a certain space, so that the role of the impeller suction and out of the liquid. Pump casing made of spiral shape, it is also known as the volute. Due to the gradual enlargement of the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow passage, the high-speed liquid thrown out from the impeller gradually reduces the flow velocity and effectively converts part of the kinetic energy into static pressure energy. Pump housing not only brings together the liquid thrown by the impeller, but also an energy conversion device. The function of the shaft sealing device is to prevent the liquid in the pump casing from leaking out of the shaft or outside air into the pump casing. Common shaft seal packing seal and mechanical seal two. Fillers are generally impregnated with oil or asbestos rope coated with graphite. The main purpose of the mechanical seal is to achieve the purpose of sealing by the relative movement between the moving ring mounted on the shaft and the stationary ring fixed on the pump casing. Centrifugal pump flow components Introduction Centrifugal pump flow components are: suction chamber, impeller, pressure chamber three parts. The impeller chamber is the heart of the pump and the heart of the flow component. Pump through the impeller on the liquid work, to increase its energy. According to the direction of liquid flow impeller according to the direction of the liquid flow into the three categories: (1) radial impeller (centrifugal impeller) Liquid is along the axis of the vertical direction out of the impeller. (2) Diagonal impeller (Francis impeller) The liquid flows out of the impeller in a direction inclined to the axis. (3) Axial impeller The direction of liquid flow parallel to the axis. Classification by inhalation Impeller by inhalation is divided into two categories: (1) single-suction impeller (ie impeller from the side of the inhalation of liquid). (2) double suction impeller (ie impeller suction fluid from both sides). Classified according to the cover plate Impeller by cover form is divided into three categories: (1) closed impeller. (2) open impeller. One closed impeller is widely used, the aforementioned single suction impeller double suction impeller belongs to this form. Centrifugal pump type a, according to the number of working impeller to classify 1, single-stage pump: that is, there is only one impeller on the pump shaft. 2, multi-stage pump: that is, there are two or more than two impellers on the pump shaft, and the total lift of the pump is the sum of the lift produced by n impellers. Second, according to the classification of working pressure 1, low pressure pump: the pressure is lower than 100 meters of water column; 2, medium pressure pump: pressure between 100 ~ 650 meters of water column;