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(1) Atrazine
Atrazine, also known as atrazine, hydrolyzes it to a herbicidal hydroxy derivative at elevated temperatures by alkali and inorganic acids. The allowable residual amount in corn is 0.02 x 10-6. Commercially available formulations are 50% wettable powder and 40% suspension. Atrazine is a herbicide for selective systemic pre- and post-emergence use. The right corn can control annual grass weeds and broadleaf weeds, which also have certain inhibitory effects on some years of weeds. Corn is used before sowing, the soil organic matter content is 1% to 2%, 40% of the suspension is 175-200 ml per mu, the organic matter content is 3% to 5%, and the area with more weeds is 40% per mu. Suspension
200 to 250 ml, the lower limit for sandy soil, the upper limit for viscosity, 1 to 3 days after sowing, and 30 kg of water to spray the soil surface with a sprayer. Post-treatment of corn seedlings can be carried out at the 4-leaf stage. The requirements are basically the same as before the seedlings. The herbicide is sensitive to beans and peach trees, and should be strictly applied when used.
(2) 2,4-butyl butyl ester
The pure product is a colorless oily liquid with strong volatility and decomposition by alkali. The formulation was 72% cream. The herbicide is a systemic selective herbicide, mainly for controlling dicotyledonous weeds and some malignant weeds in grass crop fields. After the emergence of corn, the application of 4 to 5 leaf stage, 45 to 90 grams per acre plus 15 to 75 grams of water, spray weed foliage. Such as pre-emergence treatment, after sowing
Spraying is suitable for 3 to 5 days, and the dosage is 50-100 per mu.
Gram, add water l5 ~ 75 kg. The general validity period is 3 to 6 weeks, which is effective for both single and dicotyledonous weeds. It is harmful to crops such as cotton and soybeans, and must have a certain isolation zone when used.
Causes of phytotoxicity: too late to apply, too high a dose or uneven application will cause phytotoxicity.
Symptoms of phytotoxicity: The soil is treated with herbicides, the young shoots are bent, the young roots grow upward, and then return to normal. The herbicide is used for stem and leaf treatment, the stem is twisted, the leaves are narrowed, sometimes wrinkled, the heart leaves are rolled into a oxtail shape, the stem is brittle, and the stem is fragile, and the base of the stem is goose-shaped and easy to fall.
Prevention and mitigation measures: The treatment of stems and leaves with herbicides should not exceed 5 leaf stage, and the dosage should not exceed 1080g per hectare. For soil treatment with herbicides, the dosage per hectare should not exceed
2160 grams. Apply evenly to ensure uniformity. After taking the drug by mistake, immediately induce vomiting, gastric lavage, oral administration of 10% ferrous sulfate, 10 ml every 15 to 30 minutes, a total of 3 to 5 times. Do not use warm water to wash the stomach, so as not to promote absorption.
(3) Alachlor
Also known as cable, it is hydrolyzed under strong acid and alkaline conditions. Allowable amount of corn
0.05%. It has a strong stimulating effect on eyes and skin. Commercially available products have 43% and 48% emulsifiable concentrates and 10%, 15% granules. Alachlor is a selective pre-emergence herbicide that protects against annual grass weeds and certain broadleaf weeds. Before the sowing of corn field, the seeds of pre-emergence or post-planting weeds are used before germination, 43% emulsifiable oil is 175-300 grams per acre, 50-60 kilograms of water is mixed, and evenly sprayed on topsoil (2 to 4 cm of shallow mixed soil after drought in the arid area). If splashed into the eyes and skin, rinse immediately with water, and seek medical advice as soon as possible. If you accidentally take it, you should immediately send it to the hospital for rescue, induce vomiting or gastric lavage with 5% sodium bicarbonate solution.
(4) Acetochlor
Acetochlor and alachlor belong to the acid amine herbicide and have a slight irritating effect on eyes and skin. The preparation has 43% and
50% emulsifiable concentrate. Acetochlor is a selective pre-emergence herbicide for dry land. The efficacy in soil can last for more than 8 weeks. One application can control no weed damage throughout the growing period. It can prevent annual grass weeds, but it is not effective for perennial weeds. The main absorption site of weed to acetochlor is the sheath, so it must be applied before the weeds are unearthed. Use 50% of emulsifiable concentrate 50-70 grams per acre, and use 30-60 grams per acre in dry soil in the south.
130 grams, add 40 ~ 60 kg of water, sprayed before seeding. Cucumber, rice, spinach, wheat, leeks, millet, sorghum and other crops are sensitive to acetochlor and should not be used.
(5) Paraquat
Paraquat is a fast-acting, killing herbicide, which can be used for no-tillage or weed control. After the wheat is harvested, the corn is directly sown without tilling, and 15% of the water is used per mu before emergence.
265 ~ 400 ml, water 20 ~ 30 kg, spray. Do not allow livestock to enter the spray area 24 hours after spraying. When a person accidentally takes poison, he should immediately induce vomiting and send it to the hospital for treatment.
Second, fine quizalofop (fine grass grass grams)
(1) The cause of the phytotoxicity. Stem and leaf treatment of corn is sensitive to quizalofop, and it can be applied by mistake or by applying to nearby plots, and the mist will drift to the corn plants.
(2) Symptoms of phytotoxicity. When the stems and leaves are treated with herbicides, chlorosis begins at the base of the heart leaves, and water-immersed spots appear on the leaves, turning yellow and purple, and gradually drying out. The base is necrotic, and it is disconnected from the base of the leaf by hand, and the water is immersed in the break and then browned. The whole plant died of death in about two weeks.
(3) Measures to prevent and mitigate phytotoxicity. Quinoxaline cannot be used in corn fields. Applying quizalofop- ing to adjacent plots should leave a separation zone of sufficient distance to pay attention to wind direction and wind when applying the medicine to prevent the liquid from drifting to the corn field. Once the application is serious, it should be replanted in time.
Third, chlorsulfuron-methyl (beansulfuron)
(1) The cause of the phytotoxicity. The application of chlorsulfuron-methyl in the former crops or the local dose is too high, and the chlorsulfuron-methyl remaining in the soil can cause phytotoxicity in the later waxy corn.
(2) Symptoms of phytotoxicity. When the herbicide was used for soil treatment, the growth of maize seedlings was inhibited, the main roots and lateral roots became shorter, the buds grew slowly, and the grown leaves were yellowed. Stems and leaves are treated with herbicides, and the leaves begin to fade from the base, turn yellow, turn purple, and gradually spread to the whole leaves. Sometimes the leaves are rolled into a simple shape and are not easy to unfold. Growth inhibition, plants become shorter.
(3) Measures to prevent and mitigate phytotoxicity. Chlorsulfuron-methyl is not suitable for use in corn fields, especially in the pre-emergence application. Excessive application of chlorsulfuron-methyl in the foreland soybean field, or uneven application of the drug, is not suitable for planting corn.
4. Nicosulfuron (Yu Nong Le)
(1) The cause of the phytotoxicity. The herbicide is used for stem and leaf treatment, and the corn is resistant to nicosulfuron. Normal application does not generally cause phytotoxicity. Only when the application amount is too large, or when the local dosage is too large, the symptoms of phytotoxicity will occur. The application of organophosphate insecticides and the application of nicosulfuron may cause phytotoxicity.
(2) Symptoms of phytotoxicity. The herbicide is used for stem and leaf treatment, the base of the heart leaves is green, or the leaves have irregular green spots. Some leaves are curled into a tube shape, and the leaf edge is shrunk, which affects the heart leaf extraction. Some oblique growth is lodging. Growth inhibition, plant dwarfing.
(3) Measures to prevent and mitigate phytotoxicity. Avoid excessive application to ensure uniform application. It is generally unnecessary to take measures to produce phytotoxicity. Coating corn seed with naphthalic anhydride can reduce the phytotoxicity caused by the action of nicosulfuron and organophosphate insecticides.
Five, glyphosate (Nongda)
(1) The cause of the phytotoxicity. Stems and leaves are treated with herbicides, and corn is sensitive to glyphosate. If it is misapplied or the liquid falls on the corn plants, it will cause phytotoxicity.
(2) Symptoms of phytotoxicity. When the herbicide was used for stem and leaf treatment, the symptoms of phytotoxicity appeared slowly, and the leaves of the drug first appeared water-stained, the leaves curled inward, and the growth was severely inhibited. The tip of the leaf and the edge of the leaf are yellow and dry, and some plants are slowly dying.
(3) Measures to prevent and mitigate phytotoxicity. Avoid misapplication and liquid medicine falling into the corn field. Due to the slow development of phytotoxicity, it takes tens of days to observe dead seedlings. Therefore, the occurrence of phytotoxicity should be taken as soon as possible according to the possible drug situation. If the application rate per hectare exceeds 600 grams, the destruction should be considered.
6. Alkene pyridine (take the net)
(1) The cause of the phytotoxicity. Stems and leaves are treated with herbicides, corn is sensitive to enephidine, misced or adjacent to the ground is applied to the chlorpyrifos, and the droplets fall on the corn plants to produce phytotoxicity.
(2) Symptoms of phytotoxicity. The herbicide is used for stem and leaf treatment, and the leaves contacting the liquid solution produce green spots. The new leaves begin to chlorotic from the base and gradually spread to the whole leaf, and the leaves become yellow, brown or purple, and gradually dry. Severe growth points withered, whole plants died, and light growth was inhibited.
(3) Measures to prevent and mitigate phytotoxicity. Alkene can not be used in corn fields. Appropriate isolation zone should be set up for the application of methotrex in adjacent plots. Pay attention to wind direction and wind force when applying the pesticide to prevent the liquid from drifting to the corn field. Once the tying damage is serious, it should be replanted or destroyed in time.
First, the herbicide species
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