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Exploration shows that the South China Sea Shenhu has 11 ore bodies with an area of ​​128 square kilometers and a resource reserve of 150 billion cubic meters, equivalent to 150 million tons of oil reserves.
From May 10th, the China Geological Survey of the Ministry of Land and Resources produced natural gas from the flammable ice deposits of 203-277 meters below the seabed in the depth of 1266 meters in the Shenhu area of ​​the South China Sea. As of 15:00 on May 17th, the total test was 120,000 cubic meters, the highest output reached 35,000 cubic meters per day, and the average daily output exceeded 16,000 cubic meters, of which the methane content was up to 99.5%.
This is the first successful test of flammable ice in China's sea areas. This achievement is a milestone in promoting China's energy security, optimizing energy structure, and even changing the world's energy supply pattern.
The flammable ice reserves in the Shenhu area are only the tip of the iceberg of China's flammable ice reserves.
The helicopter took off from Zhuhai Kyushu Airport and flew for about 90 minutes. It was far from the 37-story rig that stood in the blue sea. This is the first time that China has completed the investigation of flammable ice. It is also the first time in China. The sea area of ​​the flammable ice test.
"For the study of marine flammable ice, China began in 1995, and in May 2007, it successfully obtained samples of combustible ice, becoming the fourth country in the world to find flammable ice through national development projects." Ye Jianliang, the general commander of the on-site command, said.
Combustible ice, also known as natural gas hydrate, is a compound in which methane and water molecules are combined under low temperature and high pressure. It is named after it is similar to ice. It is a kind of high combustion value and clean and pollution-free. The new energy source is widely distributed and has huge reserves. After decomposing 1 cubic meter of combustible ice, about 0.8 cubic meters of water and 164 cubic meters of natural gas can be released. The energy density is high and the resource potential is huge. The estimated resource is equivalent to the total amount of proven fossil fuel carbon in the world. Times, scientists even think that it is able to meet the new energy used by humans for 1000 years, and is the first choice for replacing traditional energy sources such as oil and coal in the future.
At the end of 2010, the “Report on the Results of Gas Hydrate Drilling in the Shenhu Sea Area in the Northern South China Sea†completed by the Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey passed the final review. The expedition personnel identified 11 combustible ice ore bodies in the drilling target area of ​​the Shenhu sea area in the northern part of the South China Sea. A good resource potential. After the entry of “Ocean No.6â€, it will go deep into the northern part of the South China Sea for a new round of accurate investigation. The surveyed areas include Qiongdongnan, Xisha, Shenhu and Dongsha. The focus of the investigation is on the exploration in the northern part of the South China Sea. Based on the key exploration areas.
Lu Jingan, head of the Geological Team of the Test Site Command, said that the exploration shows that there are 11 ore bodies in the Shenhu sea area with an area of ​​128 square kilometers and a resource reserve of 150 billion cubic meters, equivalent to 150 million tons of oil reserves. These reserves are expected to be converted into valuable energy sources."
The flammable ice reserves in the Shenhu sea area are only the "tip of the iceberg" of China's flammable ice reserves. In the Xisha Trough, scientific expedition personnel have initially circled the area of ​​combustible ice with an area of ​​5,242 square kilometers. In other sea areas of the South China Sea, there are also necessary conditions for the existence of natural gas hydrates...
The trial mining has achieved complete independent innovation in exploration and development theory, technology, engineering and equipment.
The flammable ice reserves are abundant, but if you have been lying on the bottom of the South China Sea, you can't play its value. However, the mining of combustible ice is very difficult, and few countries have tried it so far.
The countries with active global research and development of combustible ice are mainly China, the United States, Japan, Canada, South Korea and India. Among them, the United States and Canada have conducted trial mining on land, but the effect is not satisfactory. Japan conducted sea trial mining in its South China Sea trough in 2013, but failed due to technical problems such as sand production. In April 2017, Japan conducted the second test in the same sea area. The first test well produced a total of 35,000 cubic meters of gas. On May 15, the gas production was stopped again due to sand production.
"This trial mining has realized the complete independent innovation of China's combustible ice exploration and development theory, technology, engineering and equipment, and has achieved a leap from running to leading in this field." Ye Jianliang introduced.
"Through this trial mining, China has achieved a major breakthrough in the core technology of combustible ice full-process test mining, forming a new international leading test mining process." Xie Wenwei, deputy director of the trial mining site command office said.
The natural gas in the Shenhu area of ​​the South China Sea is a hydrated argillaceous silty reservoir type, which accounts for more than 90% of the world's resources and is also the main reservoir type in China. This is the first time in China that the world has successfully realized the safe and controllable mining of this type of resources, provided technical reserves for the extensive development and utilization of combustible ice, and accumulated valuable experience. Xie Wenwei introduced, "We proposed the 'stratigraphic fluid extraction test mining method', which effectively solved the problem of reservoir fluid control and stable decomposition of combustible ice. We have successfully developed reservoir reformation, flammable ice secondary generation prevention, sand control and sand discharge, etc. Mining testing key technologies, many of which go beyond the sand control limits of the oil industry."
This test mining is the world's first development test for silty hydrates. For this reason, marine geologists are in trial mining ideas, well location selection, engineering geological exploration, key technologies and process establishment, and test mining platform optimization. And many other aspects have Chinese characteristics and can be called the "China Program."
In the trial mining operation, a large number of localized equipment has been successfully put into use, which fully shows that “Made in China†has been at the forefront of the world.
First of all, it must be praised as the most important "big country" in the trial mining operation - China's newly developed offshore drilling platform "Blue Whale No. 1", the world's largest and deepest drilling depth, with a net weight of over 43,000 tons and 37 floors. The tall behemoth was just "born" in February this year, and set sail from Yantai, China. On March 28, it arrived at the Shenhu area for trial mining. “Blue Whale One†is the world's most advanced dual derrick semi-submersible drilling rig, suitable for any deep sea operation in the world.
Secondly, the successful application of a large number of independent intellectual property tools indicates that domestic oil companies have deep water technology and equipment research and development capabilities, such as completion sand control technology, which has far exceeded the sand control limit of the petroleum industry; integration and testing system integration equipment, combined The development and research needs of flammable ice test mining engineering provide scientific data for the research and development of combustible ice in China.
Monitoring results show that the test mining process is safe, friendly, controllable and environmentally friendly.
Trying to collect combustible ice, there has always been a question about whether it will affect the environment of the surrounding waters.
Since methane is a more efficient greenhouse gas than CO2, the environmental problem of flammable ice has always been an important concern. China has carried out flammable ice test mining in the sea, and also attaches great importance to environmental problems.
From June 2011 to March 2017, the South Seawater Ethylene Environmental Impact Assessment Project team organized a field survey of 10 voyages in the South China Sea Fox Hydrate Zone. The system was investigated for many years. The survey included submarine engineering. Geological characteristics, geological hazard characteristics, seabed environmental monitoring, marine biological characteristics, seawater dissolved methane content, seawater physical and chemical characteristics and hydrological characteristics, sea surface atmospheric methane content characteristics, etc., have basically identified the marine environment characteristics of the combustible ice test mining area, Developed a series of environmental assessment technologies for independent property rights in China, which provided a good foundation for the trial production and development of combustible ice.
The environmental problems of combustible ice test mining are mainly due to uncontrollable flammable ice decomposition during the test mining process, resulting in methane leakage, causing geological disasters such as submarine landslides, and even environmental problems caused by methane leakage into the ocean or the atmosphere. In response to these problems, in the process of test mining, on the one hand, according to the characteristics of seabed topography, engineering geological features and hydrate reservoir characteristics in the hydrate area, through the rational design of well location and pressure reduction scheme, methane leakage is avoided from engineering design. On the other hand, through the deployment of monitoring equipment such as seabed topography and gas leakage, a seawater-seabed-downhole integrated environmental safety monitoring system was constructed to achieve temperature, pressure, methane concentration and seafloor stability parameters. Real-time, full-process monitoring. The monitoring results show that the test mining has not affected the surrounding atmosphere and the marine environment, and the whole process is safe, friendly, controllable and environmentally friendly.
This mining trial also raised many issues for follow-up research. The next step is to study how to solve some of the problems found in this test, and to carry out the second test mining in the next 3-5 years to further prepare for commercial mining.
Abstract On May 17, the "Blue Whale No. 1" offshore drilling platform combustible ice mining site combustible ice, also known as natural gas hydrate, is a compound that combines methane and water molecules under low temperature and high pressure conditions. Replace coal, oil...
May 17th, "Blue Whale No. 1" offshore drilling platform combustible ice mining site
Combustible ice, also known as natural gas hydrate, is a compound in which methane and water molecules are combined under low temperature and high pressure. It is regarded as a new energy source that is expected to replace coal and oil.