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(Source: Economic and Commercial Office of the Chinese Consulate General in Hamburg)
German Labor Gloves Market Status Quo, Existing Problems and Suggestions for China's Countermeasures
German labor protection gloves are widely used. The main varieties are leather and fabric gloves. Labor insurance gloves are labor-intensive products. German wage costs are high. German companies have basically not produced protective gloves. They are mainly imported from China, India and Pakistan. China's export of German gloves accounted for about 78% of total German imports. However, the latest tests show that most of the labor protection gloves on the German market are problematic. Manufacturers often use harmful or even carcinogenic substances in the tanning and dyeing process of leather and textiles. These substances not only damage human health but also pollute the environment. According to the relevant regulations of the European Union and Germany, products using the above substances are not allowed to enter the market. The Federal Ministry of Consumer Protection of Germany recently briefed the EU twice on the problems with our gloves exported to Germany. The EU issued a consumer warning on gloves exported from China and should cause the relevant departments and production companies in our country to attach great importance to it. The production companies in China can only take into account the seriousness of the existing problems, use hydrazine preparations and dyes that do no harm to human health and the environment, and continuously improve product quality to ensure that Chinese labor insurance gloves continue to enter the German and EU markets.
First, the status of German labor insurance gloves market
Since the German statistical classification includes only leather gloves and fabric gloves, and there are no labor insurance gloves, the following analysis mainly focuses on the current status of the German labor protection gloves market from the aspects of the German leather product industry, the status of glove imports, and the status of China's exports of gloves to Germany.
(a) China is the largest exporter of German leather products
With the increasing self-protection and environmental protection awareness of consumers, German leather products companies now mainly produce products with high added value, good quality and environmental protection, such as clothing, sofas, travel and documents, gifts and casual leather goods. According to data provided by the German Federal Bureau of Statistics, in 2002, the German leather goods industry sales were 553 million euros, a decrease of 11.2%. Among them, Germany's self-produced leather products had sales of 416 million euros, a decrease of 14.4%, and exports of 136 million euros, an increase of only 0.4%. In 2002, German leather goods imports amounted to 1.2 billion euros, a decrease of nearly 11%. Six major companies in the industry went bankrupt. The total number of employees was reduced to 4,735, a decrease of nearly 10%. In 2002, China exported 944 million euros of leather products to Germany and became the country with the largest export of leather products to Germany, followed by Italy and India.
(b) German gloves are mainly imported from China, India and Pakistan
According to statistics from the German Federal Bureau of Statistics, in 2002, Germany imported a total of 101 million pairs of leather gloves. Among them, imports from China were 77.88 million pairs, an increase of 8.7%, accounting for 77% of the total German imports; import value of 29.34 million US dollars, down 6.4%; from India and Pakistan, respectively imported 13.35 million pairs and 7.63 million pairs. In 2002, Germany imported 29,563 tons of fabric-made gloves. Among them, 23,282 tons imported from China fell by 3.3%, accounting for 78.7% of the total German imports; the import amount was US$22.7 million, down 8.6%; 154 tons and 20.6 tons were imported from Pakistan and India respectively. From the statistical data, it can be seen that China's export of German gloves accounted for about 78% of the total German imports, India accounted for nearly 13%, and Pakistan accounted for about 7.5%. Germany’s total imports of gloves from China have increased slightly, but prices have dropped significantly.
According to statistics from China Customs, in 2002, China exported 178 million pairs of gloves to Germany, an increase of 53.9%; and the export amount was 156 million US dollars, an increase of 48.57%. Among them, 103 million pairs of leather gloves, an increase of 29.2%; amount of 126 million US dollars, an increase of 48.24%; 74.91 million pairs of fabric gloves, an increase of 108.9%; amount of 30.06 million US dollars, an increase of 54.87%.
Second, the main problems in the German market labor gloves
(a) Most gloves contain harmful substances or carcinogens
The German body protection products importers working group (AGKI) believes that the problem of labor protection gloves is mainly due to dyeing. Its member companies decided not to sell dyed protective gloves and only sold “white†protective gloves and printed the “AGKI†logo. . Now, the sale of products with this logo has occupied the dominant position in the German labor glove market. In order to consolidate its position and fight against other competitors, the working group requested the "Eco Test" magazine to commission laboratories to test the gloves currently sold on the market. The magazine's inspection of 31 pairs of protective gloves (2 pairs of full-leather gloves and the rest of Pica textile fabrics) showed that more than 80% of the gloves were unqualified and most contained harmful substances or carcinogenic substances. The specific test results are as follows:
1. Most of the sampling gloves failed
(1) Among the gloves examined, three pairs contain highly toxic substances that are prohibited to use: "Nitras" brand leather gloves contain pentachlorophenol, and "Cliks" brand padded fabric gloves contain aromatic amine-benzidine, "Mammut "The second layer of leather gloves contains 2,4-toluene diamine, and the content exceeds the tolerance value;
(2) 6 pairs containing aniline;
(3) 3 pairs of banned amines, although the concentration is lower than the EU's limit, but there is a carcinogenic risk;
(4) Three pairs of gloves contaminated with chlorine compounds contain dioxins. The “Lux Profi Plus†brand of padded fabric gloves does not contain the most toxic Seveso toxin in dioxins but contains other species. Dioxins and furans;
(5) 29 Both contain controversial halogen halide compounds, of which 20 pairs contain chlorophenol and 5 pairs of chlorophenol concentrations exceed the highest standard of 50 mg/kg;
(6) 10 pairs containing heavy metal chromium (+6);
(7) Some gloves use banned azo dyes at a concentration of more than 30 mg/kg.
2. Some gloves do not comply with relevant regulations
According to the regulations, professional labor protection gloves with a risk level of class 2 must be submitted for approval before being used. However, spot inspections have found that even tested products have problems. White gloves do not need to be dyed, but there should be no problem, but the test found that there are still several pairs of white gloves containing harmful substances in the palm part. Labor insurance gloves should usually indicate the purpose and level of risk, but most gloves have not been labeled for use. This is an irresponsible act for consumers.
3. Less than 20% of qualified gloves
Of the 31 pairs of gloves sampled, only 5 pairs of gloves, such as Helmut Feldmann's Sialkot Nappa Canvas Stulpen and Hele's Texxor Himalaya brand full leather gloves, were qualified products and contained no harmful substances. The pass rate is only 16%.
(II) Use of Prohibited Azo Dyes in Chinese Gloves
On December 13, 2002, the Federal Ministry of Consumer Protection of Germany notified the European Union that the dark brown edges of the full-cowhide gloves originating in China used prohibited azo dyes, and the azo dyes released 630 to 690 during reductive decomposition. Mg/kg of harmful substance dimethoxybenzidine. The European Commission therefore recommends that importers from member countries voluntarily take back the products they have already sold and must place existing products in a safe place.
On August 18, 2003, the German Federal Ministry of Consumer Protection once again informed the European Union that labor protective gloves originating in China used azo dyes that produced amine carcinogens. Germany has banned the sale of this product and requested the distributor to take a recall action to return the goods to the manufacturer or destroy it on the spot. The relevant German authorities will monitor the recall action and institute criminal proceedings against the manager responsible for procurement. The European Commission issued a consumer warning on this product within the European Union.
Third, the relevant detection methods and risk levels
(I) Test methods
Due to the different detection methods of different harmful substances, the “Ecology Test†magazine sent samples to be sent to each professional laboratory for testing. The specific test method is:
1. Detection of aniline and aromatic amines
For the detection of aniline and aromatic amines, the split-reduction method was used. The analysis was conducted in accordance with Article 35 of the German Food and Consumer Products Act (LMBG, 82.02-2/January 1998). There are two detection methods:
(1) Gas chromatography (GC)/mass spectrometry (MS);
(2) Thin layer chromatography (TLC).
The test subjects were anti-dimensional biological substances, fireproofing agents, phthalates, chlorobenzenes, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, other insecticides, and other halogenated halogen compounds. The method of operation is to derivatize the mixture of acetone and ethyl acetate, and then detect by GC/MS method.
2. Heavy metal detection
For the detection of heavy metals, ICP/mass spectrometry (MS) was used to determine textile eluates. Chromium (+6) was detected according to DIN 53314, and the chromium (+6) content in the leather was determined by elution.
3. Dioxin detection
For the detection of dioxin, heat extraction was performed first, then multi-stage column separation, high-resolution separation by HRGC/HRMS, and internal standard isotope dilution method using 13C labeling.
(II) Risk Level Regulations
According to the provisions of the EU and German safety standards, the risk rating of protective gloves is divided into three levels:
1. First-rate risk
First-class risk gloves have a low risk. Manufacturers produce according to the basic requirements of EU regulations. If the test result is consistent with the statutory regulations, the gloves do not indicate the risk level.
Secondary risk
Secondary risk gloves have moderate risk. This risk level glove should be submitted for inspection and can only be used if it is approved. Marks, properties and ratings should be printed on the glove or on the label.
3. Three levels of risk
The risk of a third-grade glove is irreversible and can cause death, so it cannot be provided to consumers.
IV. Countermeasures and Suggestions
(I) Selection of hydrazine preparations and dyes that meet the requirements
At present, the EU bans the dyeing of 22 kinds of aromatic amines into textiles and bans 25 kinds of harmful substances that cause cancer, alter genetic characteristics and impair reproductive function. EU Decree No. 61 (2002/61/EG), German Food and Consumer Goods Act (LMBG), German Consumer Goods Ordinance (BGV), German Protection against Dangerous Substances Ordinance and carcinogenicity, alteration of genetic characteristics and impaired reproductive function This is detailed in the list of substances.
In accordance with the requirements of EU and German regulations and standards, Chinese production companies should select the appropriate hydrazine preparations and non-azo dyes in the tanning and dyeing process, and do not use chemicals that are harmful to the human body or cause cancer. Companies and associations and other organizations should fully understand the latest developments in EU and German technical barriers, actively study measures to deal with technical barriers, adopt various green and ecological raw materials, and develop high value-added and high-tech products.
(B) increase the intensity of testing
China's inspection agencies should continue to intensify inspections, improve the level of testing technology, and promptly and early find products containing harmful substances so as to prevent the products from being exported to foreign countries and adopt restrictive measures so as to minimize the impact and losses.
(III) Take preventive measures
Enterprises can make gloves without using dyed leather and textiles, using only "white" leather and textiles, which can at least reduce risks. Gloves and lining can absorb sweat and can effectively prevent harmful substances from entering the body through the skin with sweat, thereby protecting human health. At present, it is difficult for laboratories to determine the specific types of halogens. Manufacturers often do not know what substances halogen organic compounds contain. If you want to avoid risks, it is best not to use halogen organic compounds.
(d) Enhancing environmental awareness
Germany has a strong sense of environmental protection and prohibits the use of products that pollute the environment. While choosing to produce raw materials that are not detrimental to human health, Chinese companies should also apply environmental awareness throughout the entire process of product selection, tanning, dyeing, sewage treatment, and discharge, and strengthen monitoring so that products can be made available in China. Continue to enter the German and EU markets, maintain and expand existing market share.
EU import regulations