1. Foreword CIMS is the development direction of industrial automation. As the CIMS core technology CAD/CAM system, it mainly supports and realizes the automatic processing of a series of production activities such as design, analysis, process planning and numerical control programming of product objects. In recent years, with the rapid development of computer and numerical control technology, CAD/CAM has gradually entered the practical stage, widely used in aerospace, automotive, machinery, mold manufacturing, home appliances, toys and other industries. In particular, the universal use of CNC machine tools makes CAD/CAM technology an effective means for enterprises to achieve highly automated design and processing. At present, there are two main hardware and software environments for CAD/CAM systems: one is the workstation and the other is the microcomputer. With the development of hardware technology, the difference between workstations and microcomputers in graphics processing has gradually narrowed. Since the hardware investment of the microcomputer is lower than the workstation and easy to grasp, it is convenient for users to carry out software development, transplantation and expansion, and the communication technology of the microcomputer and various numerical control devices is mature. Therefore, the microcomputer has gradually become the main operation platform of various CAD/CAM software. . The performance of a CAD/CAM system depends on both the quality of the hardware system and the performance of the software. A good CAD/CAM software system will help to program and process more complex machining operations faster, helping to improve work quality, productivity and profitability. Therefore, choosing the right cad/cam package is very important. The following highlights the performance and features of the popular PC-based CAD/CAM software package on the market, as well as the selection principles and methods. 2. The principle of choosing CAD/CAM software First of all, we should widely understand and compare various software performance and price. Each software has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the most suitable software is the best software. When selecting software, it should be based on the requirements, in addition to the price factor, the following aspects should be considered. (1) Convenience of operation and use First of all, we should pay attention to the requirements of the software installation and the operating system and hardware. Can we directly run on the general configuration of the microcomputer, and need to add special accessories. Secondly, check the subsystems of the software, such as whether the interface design is logical and easy to read, how to manage and display the submenus at each level, how the user communicates with the system, and so on. A good software should also be easy for beginners to master. It is easy to use and practical. It should generally include a learning module and an instant help system for beginners. (2) Degree of integration of software A complete CAD/CAM software system consists of multiple functional modules, such as 3D drawing, graphic editing, surface modeling, CNC machining, finite element analysis, simulation, dynamic display, etc. These modules should be managed on a project-based basis. This maintains the integrity and consistency of the underlying data, enables data sharing, and saves system resources and exercise time. Some CAD/CAM software is based on file management, resulting in large data redundancy, large storage space, and lack of data security protection measures, which is not conducive to engineering data management. (3) CAD function It should be possible to design and produce a part model that meets both the design requirements and CAM processing. An excellent CAD system is an efficient design tool. It should have a parametric design function. The 3D solid model and the 2D engineering graphics should be able to transform and correlate each other. CAD can be divided into two categories: automatic design and interactive design. The automatic design has high efficiency, but the flexibility is poor. It is only suitable for products with high standardization and fixed product structure. The interaction design is flexible and can give full play to the designer's subjective initiative, but the efficiency is low, the more interaction, the more complex and the less efficient. In fact, there is almost no pure automatic design or pure interaction design software. Good software can properly handle the combination of automatic design and interaction design according to product objects. In addition, the open structure is not only convenient for users to carry out secondary development, but also enables the software system itself to be continuously expanded and improved. Of course, you should also consider its compatibility with other CAD/CAM software, pay attention to the graphics file interface that the software brings, see which kinds of graphics file conversion it can support, whether it can read graphics files from other systems, or the system. The graphics file is transferred to other systems. (4) CAM function The CAM function should provide a way to interactively program and generate machining trajectories, including machining planning, tool settings, process parameter settings, and more. CAM function detection should pay attention to the following aspects: 1 The difficulty of establishing 2D and 3D tool paths; 2 the diversity of processing methods; 3 Whether the tool path is easy to edit and modify; 4 Is there a database of tools and materials to enable the system to automatically generate feedrate and spindle speed; 5With or without built-in anti-collision and anti-overcut function; 6 Can you manually overshoot any machining default values ​​(such as feed rate, spindle speed, etc.); 7 Can simulate and estimate the processing time of the machining process. (5) Post-processing program and numerical control code output The general CAD/CAM system uses post-processing programs to provide customized CNC code output, giving users the flexibility to use different CNC devices. When choosing a software, you should know the following: 1 What post-processing and procedures are available. Whether it includes lathes, wire cutting, EDM machines or post-processing programs for 3D 5-axis CNC programming; 2 Whether the post-processing program can be fine-tuned so that the numerical control output meets the requirements of the user; 3 Can the nc program be reverse processed to display the tool path. (6) Upgrade method and technical support You should be aware of the company's updated version in recent years, confirm the upgrade method; whether the company has office support in China or local, what technical support is available; whether technical training is needed, and what method is used. (1)ug Unigraphics (ug) is a CAD/CAC/CAM integrated software released by eds. Widely used in aerospace, automotive, general machinery and molds. Many research institutes and manufacturers at home and abroad have chosen ug as the CAD/CAM system of the enterprise. Ug can run on the windows nt platform, regardless of the assembly drawing or part drawing design, starting from the 3D solid modeling, the degree of visualization is very high. After the 3D solid is generated, a 2D view can be automatically generated, such as a three view, an axis side view, a section view, and the like. Its 3D CAD is parameterized, and a part size is modified to cause changes in related parts. The software also has a finite element solution program in human-computer interaction mode for strain, stress and displacement analysis. Ug's CAM module provides a way to generate precise toolpaths that allow the user to graphically edit toolpaths by observing tool motion, such as extensions, trims, etc., with post-processing programs that support a variety of CNC machines. Ug has a variety of graphic file interfaces, which can be used for complex shapes, especially for large enterprises and research institutes. (2)pro/engineer Pro/engineer is a CAD/CAM software developed by American Parametric Technology Corporation (ptc) and has more users in China. It uses an object-oriented unified database and fully parametric modeling technology to provide an excellent platform for 3D solid modeling. Its industrial design allows direct reading of internal parts and assembly files, with automatic updates when the original shape is modified. Its moldesign module is used to create geometric shapes, create mold cores and cavities, produce finished parts and complete mold assembly files. The newly released version 20.0 provides optimal machining path control and intelligent machining path creation, allowing nc programmers to control the overall machining path up to the most detailed part. The software also supports high speed machining and multi-axis machining with a variety of graphic file interfaces. (3) i-deas I-deas is a complete CAD/CAM system developed by sdrc in the United States, with a focus on engineering analysis and product modeling. It uses an open data structure to integrate solid modeling, finite element modeling and analysis, computer graphics, experimental data analysis and synthesis, numerical control programming, and file management, so that computer aid can be better implemented in the design process. Mechanical Design. The software modules are integrated into one system through a common interface and a shared application database. The solid modeling is the basis of i-deas, which includes modules such as object modeling, system assembly and mechanism design. The object modeling module can form a sculpted surface by defining a smooth surface composed of non-uniform rational b-spline curves; the system assembly module expresses the relationship of the components by positioning a given geometric entity, and can perform interference check and physical property calculation; The mechanism design module is used to analyze the complex motion relationship of the mechanism and to visualize the motion of the linkage mechanism. (4) catia Catia was originally developed by Dassault Aircraft Corporation of France. It is currently a high-end CAD/CAM/cae system and is widely used in aviation and automobiles. It features feature modeling and parametric modeling techniques that allow variable design to be automatically specified or specified by the user with parametric design, geometry or functional constraints. According to the 3d wire rack provided by the user, the user can accurately create, modify and analyze the 3D geometric model. Its surface modeling capabilities include advanced surface design and freeform design for handling complex curve and surface definitions, as well as many automated features, including analysis tools, to accelerate the surface design process. Catia's assembly design module builds and manages 3D-based parts and constrained mechanical assemblies, automatically defining the connections between the parts, allowing for early analysis of the motion mechanism, greatly accelerating the design of the assembly, and subsequent applications This model can be used for further design, analysis and manufacturing. Catia has an nc process database with information such as tools, tool components, materials and cutting status. It automatically calculates the machining time and replays and verifies the tool path. The user can check and modify the tool path through a graphical display. The software's post-processing program supports milling, lathe and multi-axis machining. (5) surfCAM surfCAM, developed by California's surfware company, is a Windows-based CNC programming system with an automated color editing function with a new perspective base that quickly and easily breaks down a model into cores and cavities, saving complex parts. Programming time. The software's CAM function features automated constant z-level roughing and finishing, and the use of round, ball and square end mills for surface-free cutting of parts at a range of z-levels. For some jobs, this method can increase roughing efficiency and reduce finishing time. The v7.0 version fully supports the establishment of a PC-based solid model. In addition, surfware company and solidworks company signed a cooperation agreement, solidworks design part will become the design front end of surfCAM, surfCAM will directly hang under the solidworks menu, the two complement each other. (6)virtual gibbs The American gibbs&associates company launched the CAM software package as early as 1984, and recently introduced a new module virtual gibbs for solid model building and multi-surface machining. This module can be used to create, import, modify and machine 3D solid models and surfaces, running on windows 95 and windows nt operating systems. The software has process control and the user can return to any previous steps to make changes. The software automatically introduces modifications throughout the model and toolpath to provide maximum flexibility and performance. The multi-curved machining capability provided by the software enables many machining processes to be automated, and multiple tools can be used for one-time clamping, which simplifies programming and saves time. The software also provides an iges graphics file interface. (7)cimatron Developed by cimatron technologies, cimatron runs on dos, windows or nt and is an early CAD/CAM software. Its CAD part supports complex curves and complex surface modeling, and has a large market in small and medium-sized mold manufacturing. After determining the tool used in the process, the nc module can check where the material should be left unprocessed and process the area on the part that meets certain geometric or technical rules. By saving the technical template, you can instruct the system how to cut and reapply to other machining parts, so-called knowledge-based machining. The software is capable of machining mixed models with solids and surfaces. It also has various graphic file interfaces such as iges, dxf, sta, and CADl. (8)master CAM Because of its low price, master CAM is a widely used medium and low-end CAD/CAM software developed by CNC Software Inc., and v5.0 or higher runs on Windows or Windows NT. The software's 3D modeling function is slightly worse, but the operation is simple and practical, easy to learn. New machining options give users greater flexibility, such as multi-surface radial cutting and projecting tool paths onto an unlimited number of surfaces. The software also includes a new c-axis programming feature that combines milling and turning. Other features, such as diameter and face cutting, automatic c-axis lateral drilling, automatic cutting and tool plane setting, help efficient part production. Subsequent processing supports milling, turning, wire cutting, laser machining and multi-axis machining. In addition, master CAM provides a variety of graphical file interfaces, such as sat, iges, vda, dxf, cadl, and stl. 4. Conclusion Choosing the right computer-based CAD/CAM software and combining the microcomputer and CNC machine tools into the workshop-oriented system will greatly improve the design efficiency and design quality, give full play to the superiority of CNC machine tools, improve the overall production level, and realize system integration and design and manufacture. Integration.
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3. Common computer-based CAD/CAM software package 