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Experts: Spring wheat is planted in early spring and harvested in the same year; winter wheat is planted in autumn and harvested in the next summer. Spring wheat is planted in early spring, and the ground is often not completely penetrated. It is difficult to deepen the land preparation. Therefore, it is recommended to apply the base fertilizer in autumn. Because of the annual maturity, the amount of phosphorus applied is significantly less than that of winter wheat, which is comparable to that of spring-sown crops. For spring wheat in dryland with water shortage, the yield of fertilization can be relatively small due to lower yield, but the proportion of base fertilizer should be increased appropriately. The topdressing is mainly in the tillering stage; for spring wheat with irrigation conditions in the northwest, due to higher yield, The amount of fertilizer applied and the period of topdressing were similar to those of winter wheat.
Q: How should spring soybeans be fertilized?
Experts: The northeast region, especially Heilongjiang Province, is the main spring soybean production area, but the problem of heavy squatting is more serious. Re-emphasizing the severe plots, the nitrogen fixation capacity of soybeans is reduced, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be appropriately increased based on the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Base fertilizer: 1500-2000 kg of fertilized organic fertilizer before sowing, low-nitrogen compound fertilizer (higher fertility soil) or general-purpose compound fertilizer (lower fertility or heavy soil) 20 to 30 kg, or with “ The oldest three, that is, 4 to 7 kg of urea, 9 to 11 kg of diammonium, 5 to 7 kg of potassium chloride or potassium sulfate. Heilongjiang and other places have higher soil fertility, certain mechanized sowing and fertilization conditions, and can be used for one-time fertilization. All the fertilizers are separated from the seeds at the time of sowing, and the soil layers are applied to the soil layers of 5 cm and 10 cm, respectively. In the later stage, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and micro-fertilizer solution may be sprayed several times as appropriate. In other areas or where there is no mechanical fertilization condition, 4 to 6 kg of urea may be applied in the initial flowering stage as appropriate.
Q: How should cotton be fertilized reasonably?
Expert: Cotton must be applied with organic fertilizer, combined with the application of NPK fertilizer, appropriate application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Among them, base fertilizer: 2,000 to 3000 kg of organic fertilizer applied per mu, 7 to 10 kg of urea or 20 to 30 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 12 to 15 kg of diammonium phosphate or 40 to 50 kg of superphosphate, and 5 to 15 kg of potassium chloride. (Northwest inland cotton is applied with potassium sulfate); if compound fertilizer is used, it should be selected as a general-purpose type, 40-50 kg per mu. Top dressing: catching the bud period and the flowering and bolling period, generally taking the flowering and bolling period as the main, and applying 20~30 kg of urea in total, including the northwestern cotton area, the initial flowering stage and the flowering and bolling period; the Yellow River Basin, the bud stage and the initial flowering stage. The flowering and bolling period is 5 kg, 10-15 kg, and 5-10 kg respectively; in the Yangtze River Basin, the bud period, the initial flowering period, and the flowering and boll period are 8-10 kg, 10-12 kg, and 5-7 kg, respectively. In order to prevent boron deficiency, about 0.5 kg of borax may be applied, or 0.2% of boron fertilizer may be sprayed 2 to 3 times during the bud period to the flowering and bolling period.
Q: What are the characteristics of sweet potato in fertilization? How to fertilize reasonably?
Expert: Sweet potato is a root crop, like potassium and deep loose soil. The growth period can be divided into the early stage (before planting to the front of the ridge), the middle stage (before the ridge to the stem and leaf decline), and the late stage (the stem and the leaves begin to decline to harvest). The base fertilizer and the potato before the ridge start forming are the key to fertilization. Excessive nitrogen fertilizer will cause stems and leaves to grow and produce inferior small potatoes. Base fertilizer: 2000-4000 kg of fertilized organic fertilizer, 5-10 kg of urea, 10-12 kg of diammonium phosphate or 30-40 kg of superphosphate, 5-10 kg of potassium sulfate, or universal application of organic fertilizer Compound fertilizer 40-50 kg. Top dressing: Before sealing the ridge (30 to 40 days after planting), apply urea, potassium sulphate 8-10 kg or high nitrogen and potassium compound fertilizer 15-20 kg in the lower sloping ridge of the ridge; after ridge sealing, it can be ridged If fertilized water is applied, 0.5% urea, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 2% to 3% aqueous calcium phosphate solution and 5% aqueous solution of grass ash may also be sprayed several times as appropriate.
Q: What are the characteristics of potato in fertilization? How to fertilize reasonably?
Expert: Potato has a short growth period and is divided into seedling stage, tuber formation stage (pregnancy bud to early flowering), and tuber growth period. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are required to be applied together; potassium is used, but excessive application of potassium chloride and other chlorinated fertilizers will reduce the quality of the product. The buds on the ground and the beginning of potato formation are the key period for topdressing. Base fertilizer: 2000-3000 kg of fertilized organic fertilizer, 7-10 kg of urea or 20-30 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 8-12 kg of diammonium phosphate or 25-40 kg of superphosphate, and 6-12 kg of potassium sulfate; or The organic fertilizer is applied with a general-purpose compound fertilizer of about 30 to 40 kg. Top dressing: 5 to 10 kg of urea or 10 to 15 kg of high-nitrogen potassium compound fertilizer when the bud is applied. Some areas are accustomed to one-time fertilization. When there is a sign of de-fertilization in the later stage, it is necessary to topdress or spray 2 to 3 times of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and other foliar fertilizers. The concentration of fertilizer solution is 0.5% and 0.3%, respectively.
Q: What are the characteristics of peanuts in fertilization? How to fertilize reasonably?
Expert: Peanut is a legume oil crop. The growth period is divided into seedling stage, flowering down needle stage, pod-forming stage and full-fruit ripening stage. The peak of nutrient absorption is from the flowering period to the pod-forming stage, which is the critical period of topdressing. It is difficult to apply the causal needle to the soil for topdressing, so it should be based on the base fertilizer. If the potassium is applied too much, the excessive application of potassium will hinder the absorption of calcium and magnesium. Therefore, the potassium fertilizer should be applied in a proper deep, divided or layered application; It is easy to lack iron. If it is combined with wheat and corn, it can prevent iron deficiency. Acidic soil should be applied with appropriate amount of lime. Base fertilizer: 1500-2000 kg of fertilized organic fertilizer, 30-40 kg of low-nitrogen or general-purpose compound fertilizer, or 6-9 kg of organic fertilizer with urea, 9-13 kg of diammonium phosphate or 30-40 of superphosphate Kilograms, potassium sulphate or potassium chloride 6 to 12 kg. Top dressing: combined with soil for flowering, 5 to 10 kg of urea and potassium chloride, or 10 to 15 kg of high-nitrogen potassium compound fertilizer. Spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and 0.1% to 0.2% molybdenum fertilizer solution from the initial flower to the full bloom period contributes to high quality and high yield.
Q: What are the different requirements for spring wheat and winter wheat in fertilization?
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