In summer, there is a lot of rain and high temperatures, and the powdery mixed feed is prone to mildew and deterioration. If mildewed feed is used to feed livestock and poultry, it will cause mild illness and cause economic loss. At the same time, because of the carcinogenic substances contained in the mildewed feed, it can endanger human health through livestock and poultry products. Therefore, moldy feed must be detoxified before it can be used to feed livestock. But it is best not to make it moldy. The storage, mildew treatment and control measures of feed in the high temperature and high humidity season are as follows: (1) Various types of feed storage points 1. Animal protein feed: animal protein feeds such as silkworm cocoons, meat and bone meal, fish meal, bone meal, etc. are extremely susceptible to bacteria and insects, affecting their nutritional effects. This type of feed is generally not used in large quantities and is stored in a plastic bag. In order to prevent moisture and mildew, install it in a plastic bag and seal it in a dry, ventilated place. During the storage period, check the temperature frequently. If there is fever, it should be treated in time. 2. Oil cake feed: The oil cake feed consists of protein, multivitamins, fat, etc. The surface layer has no natural protective layer, so it is easy to mold and deteriorate, and has poor storage resistance. When such a cake-like feed is piled up, it is first necessary to level the ground and lay a layer of linoleum. It can also be padded with 20 cm thick dry sand. The cakes should be piled up into a wind-permeable wall. Each cake is separated by 20 cm. The second layer is staggered and stacked according to the first layer. The stacking code generally does not exceed 20 layers. The moisture content of the freshly baked cakes is higher than 5%. When stacking, stack a layer of oil cake to lay a layer of sorghum straw or dry straw, or add a layer of partition every other layer, so that it is both ventilated and moisture absorbing. . Try to be smashed and used as much as possible. 3. Additives: The storage of vitamins should be based on the nature of different types. For some fat-soluble vitamin A and vitamin D that are easily oxidized, ethoxyquinoline can be used as an antioxidant treatment; it is strong in hygroscopicity and easy to use. Agglomerated DL acid calcium and other feeds can be added with calcium oxide to prevent agglomeration, and an appropriate amount of sodium carbonate can be added to prevent vitamins from failing under acidic conditions; carbonates, sulfates, iodides, etc. in trace element additives It is especially easy to absorb moisture and agglomerate. When storing such raw materials, silicate should be added to prevent agglomeration. It can also be sealed with 2~3 layers of plastic bags. (2) Feed preservation method 1. Anoxic and mildewproof method. The feed is sealed and stored in a plastic bag, and the microbial respiration is used to cause hypoxia in the bag, thereby inhibiting the growth of the mold. 2. Calcium propionate (sodium) anti-mildew method. 100 grams of calcium propionate was added per 100 kg of feed. The method is: first stir a small amount of feed with propionic acid (sodium), then add a large amount of feed, mix it evenly and store it in a dry cement pool or plastic bag. This method can prevent mildew for more than 100 days. 3. Dry anti-mildew method. The warehouse where the feed is kept must be dry. The bottom of the feed should have a bottom of 15-20 cm high, and there should be a gap between the top and the periphery to keep the air clear. 4. Acetate anti-mildew method. Mix 2 parts of acetic acid and 1 part of sodium acetate, add 1% sorbitol, stir well, dry and mix into the feed at a ratio of 1%. This method can ensure that the feed is not moldy for 2 months. (3) mildew feed treatment measures 1. Drying method. Mainly used for a large amount of straw feed. The method is: firstly, the moldy feed is dried in the sun, and then ventilated and shaken to remove the mold. 2. Washing method. Put the moldy feed powder (if it is a cake-like feed, it should be crushed first) in the tank, add water (preferably boiled water), add more water, stir the feed and stir with a wooden stick, and change it every time you mix it. Once the water is washed for 5 to 6 times, it can be used to feed livestock and poultry. 3. Cooking method. Place the moldy feed powder in the pot, add water for 30 minutes or steam for 1 hour, then remove the water and use it for feed. 4. Fermentation method. Moisten the moldy feed powder with a proper amount of water, mix well, make the water content of 50% ~ 60% (hand squeeze into a group, let go), make a pile of natural fermentation for 24 hours, then add 2 kg of grass ash, mix well After 2 hours of neutralization, put it in the bag. Rinse with water, filter off the grass gray water, pour out, add 1 times the amount of bran, mix, and ferment at room temperature 25 ° C for 7 hours, the detoxification effect of this method can reach more than 90%. 5. Drug law. Soak the moldy feed powder with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes, then rinse it twice with water, or add 1% ferrous sulfate powder to the moldy feed powder, mix well and cook at 95-100 °C. In minutes, you can get rid of the poison. 6. Elimination method. For straw and pellet feed, once mildew occurs, the moldy and deteriorated parts can be directly removed. 7. Adsorption method. Clay and zeolite (the main component of which is aluminosilicate) not only promote the growth and development of livestock and poultry, but also have a strong adsorption effect; adding 0.5% clay or zeolite to the feed can adsorb mycotoxins in the feed.
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