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1. Urea The appearance of urea is white, spherical particles, total nitrogen content ≥ 46.0%, easy to absorb moisture, and hygroscopicity is between ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate. Urea is easily soluble in water and liquid ammonia. When pure urea is heated to near the melting point under normal pressure, it begins to show instability, produces a condensation reaction, and produces biuret, which loses fertilizer effect on the crop. If you put a clean piece of iron on the stove and put the urea granules on it, it can be seen that the urea melts and volatilizes quickly, and a small amount of white smoke is emitted, which can smell ammonia.
2. Ammonium sulfate Ammonium sulfate for agriculture is white or light-colored crystal with nitrogen content ≥ 20.8% (second grade). Ammonium sulfate is easy to absorb moisture, soluble in water, and the aqueous solution is acidic. It reacts with alkali to release ammonia gas. When ammonium sulfate is heated on the fire, it can be slowly melted and accompanied by ammonia release.
3. Ammonium nitrate Ammonium nitrate has a white appearance and no visible impurities. The agricultural product is allowed to have a yellowish color. The total nitrogen content is ≥34.4% (Level II). Ammonium nitrate has strong hygroscopicity and agglomeration. When the temperature of the aqueous solution changes, recrystallization will occur, which is very sensitive to the action of heat. A large amount of ammonium nitrate is easily decomposed by heat, and combustion can occur, resulting in an explosion. It is accompanied by white smoke, which smells ammonia and the aqueous solution is acidic.
4. Ammonium chloride Ammonium chloride is white crystal. The agricultural product is allowed to have a yellowish color. The nitrogen content is ≥25.39%. It is easily soluble in water. The solubility in water increases significantly with the increase of temperature, and the aqueous solution is acidic. Ammonium chloride has strong water absorption and easy to agglomerate. A small amount of ammonium chloride is heated on the fire to smell a strong irritating odor, accompanied by white smoke. The ammonium chloride will melt rapidly and disappear completely. The unmelted portion was yellow during the process.
5. Ammonium bicarbonate for agriculture Appearance is white or slightly gray crystal, with ammonia smell, nitrogen content ≥ 16.80% (secondary). It is highly hygroscopic, soluble in water, and the aqueous solution is weakly acidic. When you easily identify ammonium bicarbonate, you can use a finger to take a small amount of sample for rubbing, you can smell a strong ammonia smell.
6, superphosphate, the appearance of dark gray, grayish white, light yellow and other loose powder, the block has many small pores, commonly known as "honeycomb". The effective phosphorus pentoxide content is ≥12.0% (qualified product II). Slightly sour, it is an acidic chemical fertilizer that is sensitive to the action of alkali and easily loses its fertilizer effect. Some of them are soluble in water and the aqueous solution is acidic. Under normal circumstances, the hygroscopicity is small, such as moisture absorption when the air humidity reaches 80% or more, forming a hard block. It is unstable when heated, and it can be seen to be slightly smoked and has a sour taste. When the temperature is higher than 120 °C, the calcium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate loses the crystal water and turns into anhydrous calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and the water-soluble phosphorus pentoxide gradually decreases. When the temperature is higher than 150 °C, the anhydrous calcium dihydrogen phosphate loses water and is converted into calcium pyrophosphate which has no fertilizer effect on the crop. The temperature is higher, and the calcium pyrophosphate is converted into the bismuth-soluble calcium metaphosphate.
7. Calcium Magnesium Phosphate Appearance is grayish white, grayish green or grayish black powder. It looks very fine. Under the illumination of sunlight, it is generally seen that pulverized, vitreous-like objects exist and sparkle. Effective phosphorus pentoxide content ≥ 12.0% (qualified product). Insoluble in water, not easy to lose, no moisture absorption, no toxicity, no corrosive, no change when heating on fire.
8. Compound fertilizers should be taupe or off-white granular products with no visible mechanical impurities. Some of the compound fertilizers are accompanied by crystallization of white particles of incompletely pulverized urea, or in the compound fertilizer, urea is present as a single crystal. The total nutrient of low-concentration compound fertilizer is ≥25%; the total nutrient of medium-concentration compound fertilizer is ≥30%, and the total nutrient of high-concentration compound fertilizer is ≥40%, of which the single nutrient content should not be lower than 4%. The compound fertilizer is slightly hygroscopic. After the moisture absorption, the compound fertilizer particles are easily pulverized, non-toxic, odorless, non-corrosive, and only partially soluble in water. When the compound fertilizer is heated on the flame, white smoke is observed, and the smell of ammonia can be smelled, and it cannot be completely melted.
9. Zinc sulphate for agriculture Appearance is white or micro-colored needle crystals. The zinc content of zinc sulfate heptahydrate should be ≥21.8%. Zinc sulfate is readily soluble in water and its aqueous solution is acidic.
10. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate has a white crystal appearance. The content of potassium dihydrogen phosphate for agriculture should be ≥92.0% (on a dry basis). Potassium dihydrogen phosphate is easily soluble in water and the aqueous solution is acidic.
There are many types of chemical fertilizers, different characteristics, and the number of nutrients contained in them are different. From the outside, some fertilizers are very similar and difficult to distinguish. In order to give everyone a systematic understanding of the nature and identification of common fertilizers and easy access, the nature and identification methods of several common fertilizers are summarized as follows:
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